{"id":9586,"date":"2016-12-14T07:33:23","date_gmt":"2016-12-14T06:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-12cr2-is-the-sysdg-administrative-privilege-enough-for-doing-oracle-data-guard-operations\/"},"modified":"2016-12-14T07:33:23","modified_gmt":"2016-12-14T06:33:23","slug":"oracle-12cr2-is-the-sysdg-administrative-privilege-enough-for-doing-oracle-data-guard-operations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-12cr2-is-the-sysdg-administrative-privilege-enough-for-doing-oracle-data-guard-operations\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle 12cR2 &#8211; Is the SYSDG Administrative Privilege enough for doing Oracle Data Guard Operations?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>By William Sescu<\/h2>\n<p>For security reasons, you may want that your DataGuard operations are done with a different UNIX user and with a different Oracle user which is not so highly privileged like the SYSDBA. \u00a0This is exactly where the SYSDG Administrative Privilege for Oracle Data Guard Operations comes into play.<\/p>\n<p>The SYSDG privilege is quite powerful and allows you to work with the Broker (DGMGRL) command line interface and besides that, it enables the following operations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>STARTUP<\/li>\n<li>SHUTDOWN<\/li>\n<li>ALTER DATABASE<\/li>\n<li>ALTER SESSION<\/li>\n<li>ALTER SYSTEM<\/li>\n<li>CREATE RESTORE POINT (including GUARANTEED restore points)<\/li>\n<li>CREATE SESSION<\/li>\n<li>DROP RESTORE POINT (including GUARANTEED restore points)<\/li>\n<li>FLASHBACK DATABASE<\/li>\n<li>SELECT ANY DICTIONARY<\/li>\n<li>SELECT\n<ul>\n<li>X$ tables (that is, the fixed tables)<\/li>\n<li>V$ and GV$ views (that is, the dynamic performance views<\/li>\n<li>APPQOSSYS.WLM_CLASSIFIER_PLAN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>DELETE\n<ul>\n<li>APPQOSSYS.WLM_CLASSIFIER_PLAN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>EXECUTE\n<ul>\n<li>SYS.DBMS_DRS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition, the SYSDG privilege enables you to connect to the database even if it is not open.<\/p>\n<p>Ok. Let&#8217;s give it a try. I want to give the user scott all the privileges he needs to do the DataGuard operational tasks. So &#8230; I create a UNIX user scott and a database user scott with the SYSDG privilege.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: actionscript3; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">[root@dbidg02 ~]# useradd scott\n[root@dbidg02 ~]# usermod -a -G sysdg scott\n[root@dbidg02 ~]# cat \/etc\/group |grep sysdg\nsysdg:x:54324:oracle,scott\n\nSQL&gt; create user scott identified by tiger;\n\nUser created.\n\nSQL&gt; grant sysdg to scott;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n\nSQL&gt; col username format a22\nSQL&gt; select USERNAME, SYSDBA, SYSOPER, SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, SYSKM from V$PWFILE_USERS where USERNAME = 'SCOTT';\n\nUSERNAME               SYSDB SYSOP SYSBA SYSDG SYSKM\n---------------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----\nSCOTT                  FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE  FALSE<\/pre>\n<p>So far so good. Everything works. Scott can do switchovers, convert the physical standby to a snapshot database, create restore points and many more. But what happens when an error pops up? You need to take a look into the most important log files which are the alert log and broker log file in a DataGuard environment.<\/p>\n<p>If you do a &#8220;show database verbose&#8221;, you will find at the end of the output the locations of the log files, which is quite useful from my point of view. This is new with Oracle 12cR2.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: actionscript3; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">DGMGRL&gt; show database verbose 'DBIT122_SITE1';\n\nDatabase - DBIT122_SITE1\n\n  Role:               PHYSICAL STANDBY\n  Intended State:     APPLY-ON\n  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)\n  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 1 second ago)\n  Average Apply Rate: 3.00 KByte\/s\n  Active Apply Rate:  152.00 KByte\/s\n  Maximum Apply Rate: 152.00 KByte\/s\n  Real Time Query:    OFF\n  Instance(s):\n    DBIT122\n  ...\n  ...\nBroker shows you the Log file location:\n\n    Alert log               : \/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/alert_DBIT122.log\n    Data Guard Broker log   : \/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/drcDBIT122.log<\/pre>\n<p>But unfortunately, the scott user can&#8217;t read those files, because there are no read permissions for others and<br \/>\nscott is not part of the oinstall group.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: actionscript3; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">[scott@dbidg01 ~]$ tail -40f \/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/alert_DBIT122.log\ntail: cannot open \u2018\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/alert_DBIT122.log\u2019 for reading: Permission denied\ntail: no files remaining\n\n[scott@dbidg01 ~]$ tail -40f \/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/drcDBIT122.log\ntail: cannot open \u2018\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/drcDBIT122.log\u2019 for reading: Permission denied\ntail: no files remaining\n\n[scott@dbidg01 trace]$ ls -l drcDBIT122.log\n-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 37787 Dec 13 10:36 drcDBIT122.log\n[scott@dbidg01 trace]$ ls -l alert_DBIT122.log\n-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 221096 Dec 13 12:04 alert_DBIT122.log<\/pre>\n<p>So what possibilities do we have to overcome this issue?<\/p>\n<p>1. We can add user scott to the oinstall group, but then we haven&#8217;t won to much security<br \/>\n2. We can set the parameter &#8220;_trace_files_public&#8221;=true, but when this one is enable, then all oracle<br \/>\ntrace files are world readable, not just the alert and broker log<br \/>\n3. We can configure XFS access control lists, so that user scott gets only the permissions he needs<\/p>\n<p>For security reasons, I decided to go for the last one.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: actionscript3; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">oracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] id\nuid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(sysbkp),54324(sysdg),54325(syskm),54326(oper)\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] ls -l alert_DBIT122.log\n-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 312894 Dec 13 13:52 alert_DBIT122.log\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] ls -l drcDBIT122.log\n-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 56145 Dec 13 13:47 drcDBIT122.log\n\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] setfacl -m u:scott:r alert_DBIT122.log\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] setfacl -m u:scott:r drcDBIT122.log\n\n\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] ls -l alert_DBIT122.log\n-rw-r-----+ 1 oracle oinstall 312894 Dec 13 13:52 alert_DBIT122.log\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] ls -l drcDBIT122.log\n-rw-r-----+ 1 oracle oinstall 56145 Dec 13 13:47 drcDBIT122.log\n\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] getfacl alert_DBIT122.log\n# file: alert_DBIT122.log\n# owner: oracle\n# group: oinstall\nuser::rw-\nuser:scott:r--\ngroup::r--\nmask::r--\nother::---\n\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] getfacl drcDBIT122.log\n# file: drcDBIT122.log\n# owner: oracle\n# group: oinstall\nuser::rw-\nuser:scott:r--\ngroup::r--\nmask::r--\nother::---<\/pre>\n<p>Cool. Now the scott user is really able to do a lot of DataGuard operation tasks, including some debugging.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: actionscript3; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">[scott@dbidg01 ~]$ cat \/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/alert_DBIT122.log | grep 'MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY mode' | tail -1\nPrimary database is in MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY mode\n\n[scott@dbidg01 ~]$ cat \/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/drcDBIT122.log |grep \"Protection Mode\" | tail -1\n      Protection Mode:            Maximum Availability<\/pre>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>Using XFS ACL lists is quite cool if you want to give a specific user permissions to a file, but you don&#8217;t want to add him to a group, or make all files world readable. But be careful, that you configure the same ACL list on all other Standby nodes as well, and make sure that you use a Backup solution which supports ACL&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p>For example, using &#8216;cp&#8217; or &#8216;cp -p&#8217; makes a huge difference. In one case you loose your ACL list in the copy, in the other case you preserve it. The (+) sign at the end of the file permissions shows the difference.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: actionscript3; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">oracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] cp alert_DBIT122.log alert_DBIT122.log.a\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] cp -p alert_DBIT122.log alert_DBIT122.log.b\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] ls -l alert_DBIT122.log.a\n-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 312894 Dec 13 14:25 alert_DBIT122.log.a\noracle@dbidg01:\/u01\/app\/oracle\/diag\/rdbms\/dbit122_site1\/DBIT122\/trace\/ [DBIT122] ls -l alert_DBIT122.log.b\n-rw-r-----+ 1 oracle oinstall 312894 Dec 13 13:52 alert_DBIT122.log.b<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By William Sescu For security reasons, you may want that your DataGuard operations are done with a different UNIX user and with a different Oracle user which is not so highly privileged like the SYSDBA. \u00a0This is exactly where the SYSDG Administrative Privilege for Oracle Data Guard Operations comes into play. The SYSDG privilege is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198],"tags":[999,988,209],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-9586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","tag-dataguard","tag-oracle-12-2","tag-oracle-12c"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Oracle 12cR2 - Is the SYSDG Administrative Privilege enough for doing Oracle Data Guard Operations? - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-12cr2-is-the-sysdg-administrative-privilege-enough-for-doing-oracle-data-guard-operations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oracle 12cR2 - Is the SYSDG Administrative Privilege enough for doing Oracle Data Guard Operations?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By William Sescu For security reasons, you may want that your DataGuard operations are done with a different UNIX user and with a different Oracle user which is not so highly privileged like the SYSDBA. \u00a0This is exactly where the SYSDG Administrative Privilege for Oracle Data Guard Operations comes into play. 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