When discussing with customers about PostgreSQL we often hear that they can do things in one database that they can not do in PostgreSQL. Most of the times this is not true and you actually can do it in PostgreSQL. Maybe not in exactly the same way but this is not surprising as PostgreSQL does implement features not in exactly the same way other vendors do. <\/p>\n
To start this series we’ll talk about restore points. Of course you can create restore points in PostgreSQL and then restore up to such a point in case you need to (e.g. after a failed schema or application upgrade or just for testing purposes ). Lets go…<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
We’ll use the latest version of PostgreSQL which is 9.6.1 currently:<\/p>\n
\npostgres@pgbox:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG961] sqh\npsql (9.6.1 dbi services build)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > select version();\n version \n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n PostgreSQL 9.6.1 dbi services build on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4), 64-bit\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 47.119 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > \n<\/pre>\nWhen we want to do point in time recovery we need to setup archiving. Without going into the details (as this is out of scope here) the parameters which need to be adjusted are these (if not already done):<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > alter system set wal_level = 'replica';\nALTER SYSTEM\nTime: 28.056 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > alter system set archive_command='test ! -f \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/%f && cp %p \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/%f'; \nALTER SYSTEM\nTime: 20.925 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > alter system set archive_mode ='on';\nALTER SYSTEM\nTime: 5.307 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > select name,context from pg_settings where name in ('archive_mode','archive_command','wal_level');\n name | context \n-----------------+------------\n archive_command | sighup\n archive_mode | postmaster\n wal_level | postmaster\n(3 rows)\n\nTime: 1.460 ms\n<\/pre>\nBe sure to restart your instance before you continue. Changing archive_mode and wal_level can not be done online. Once you restarted make sure that your archive_command really succeeds:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > create database test1;\nCREATE DATABASE\nTime: 1705.539 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > drop database test1;\nDROP DATABASE\nTime: 107.283 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > select pg_switch_xlog();\n pg_switch_xlog \n----------------\n 0\/22001798\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 214.216 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > ! ls -l \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/\ntotal 16384\n-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 16777216 Nov 24 17:34 000000020000000000000022\n<\/pre>\nWhen you can not see an archived wal in the last step you did something wrong. The next bit you need when you want to do point in time recovery with PostgreSQL is a base backup:<\/p>\n
\npostgres@pgbox:\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/ [PG961] mkdir \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/basebackups\npostgres@pgbox:\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/ [PG961] pg_basebackup -x -D \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/basebackups\/\npostgres@pgbox:\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/ [PG961] ls \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/basebackups\/\nbackup_label pg_commit_ts pg_log pg_replslot pg_stat_tmp PG_VERSION\nbase pg_dynshmem pg_logical pg_serial pg_subtrans pg_xlog\nglobal pg_hba.conf pg_multixact pg_snapshots pg_tblspc postgresql.auto.conf\npg_clog pg_ident.conf pg_notify pg_stat pg_twophase postgresql.conf\n<\/pre>\nFine. Lets generate some test data with this simple script:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > ! cat a.sql\nc postgres\ndrop database if exists restore;\ncreate database restore;\nc restore\ncreate table t1 ( a int );\ninsert into t1 (a)\n values (generate_series(1,1000000));\nselect count(*) from t1;\nd t1\n<\/pre>\nWhen you run this you’ll get a table (t1) containing 1 million rows:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > i a.sql\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"postgres\".\nDROP DATABASE\nTime: 114.000 ms\nCREATE DATABASE\nTime: 1033.245 ms\nYou are now connected to database \"restore\" as user \"postgres\".\nCREATE TABLE\nTime: 5.917 ms\nINSERT 0 1000000\nTime: 2226.599 ms\n count \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 65.864 ms\n Table \"public.t1\"\n Column | Type | Modifiers \n--------+---------+-----------\n a | integer | \n<\/pre>\nOk, fine. Now we are ready for testing restore points. Lets say you want to do some modifications to your table and to be on the safe side you want to create a restore point before. No problem:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [postgres] > select pg_create_restore_point('RP1');\n pg_create_restore_point \n-------------------------\n 0\/28D50EF8\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 0.825 ms\n<\/pre>\nQuite easy and fast. Now lets play with our table:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > select count(*) from t1;\n count \n---------\n 1000010\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 66.214 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > d t1\n Table \"public.t1\"\n Column | Type | Modifiers \n--------+---------+-----------\n a | integer | \n\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > alter table t1 add column b varchar(10);\nALTER TABLE\nTime: 1.810 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > update t1 set b='b';\nUPDATE 1000010\nTime: 11004.972 ms\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > drop table t1;\nDROP TABLE\nTime: 238.329 ms\n<\/pre>\nUps, table gone. How can we now go back to the restore point created above? Quite easy:<\/p>\n
Shutdown your instance and copy back the base backup:<\/p>\n
\npostgres@pgbox:\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/ [PG961] rm -rf pg_xlog\npostgres@pgbox:\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/ [PG961] cp -pr \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/basebackups\/* $PGDATA\ncp: cannot overwrite non-directory \u2018\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/pg_xlog\u2019 with directory \u2018\/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/basebackups\/pg_xlog\u2019\npostgres@pgbox:\/u02\/pgdata\/PG961\/ [PG961] ln -s \/u03\/pgdata\/PG961\/ pg_xlog\n<\/pre>\nThen create a recovery.conf file (for telling PostgreSQL to go into recovery mode when it comes up) and specify the restore point you created above:<\/p>\n
\npostgres@pgbox:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG961] echo \"restore_command = 'cp \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/%f %p'\n> recovery_target_name = 'RP1'\" > $PGDATA\/recovery.conf\npostgres@pgbox:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG961] cat $PGDATA\/recovery.conf\nrestore_command = 'cp \/u90\/pgdata\/PG961\/%f %p'\nrecovery_target_name = 'RP1'\n<\/pre>\nStart the instance and check the log file:<\/p>\n
\nLOG: database system was interrupted; last known up at 2016-11-24 17:36:28 CET\nLOG: creating missing WAL directory \"pg_xlog\/archive_status\"\nLOG: starting point-in-time recovery to \"RP1\"\n<\/pre>\nIf everything went fine your table should be back without the additional column:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > d t1\n Table \"public.t1\"\n Column | Type | Modifiers \n--------+---------+-----------\n a | integer | \n\n(postgres@[local]:5439) [restore] > select count(*) from t1;\n count \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 82.797 ms\n<\/pre>\nSo, yes, you can definitely use restore points with PostgreSQL \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n
If you want me to blog about any feature you are not sure is there in PostgreSQL let me know.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
When discussing with customers about PostgreSQL we often hear that they can do things in one database that they can not do in PostgreSQL. Most of the times this is not true and you actually can do it in PostgreSQL. Maybe not in exactly the same way but this is not surprising as PostgreSQL does […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[202,77,226],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-9399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-backup","tag-postgresql","tag-recovery"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Can I do it with PostgreSQL? - 1 - Restore points - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/can-i-do-it-with-postgresql-1-restore-points\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can I do it with PostgreSQL? - 1 - Restore points\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When discussing with customers about PostgreSQL we often hear that they can do things in one database that they can not do in PostgreSQL. Most of the times this is not true and you actually can do it in PostgreSQL. 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). His branch-related experience mainly covers the pharma industry, the financial sector, energy, lottery and telecommunications.","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/westermanndanie"],"url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/author\/daniel-westermann\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9399\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9399"},{"taxonomy":"type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_dbi?post=9399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}