{"id":8832,"date":"2016-11-08T18:58:48","date_gmt":"2016-11-08T17:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-12cr2-multitenant-local-undo\/"},"modified":"2016-11-08T18:58:48","modified_gmt":"2016-11-08T17:58:48","slug":"oracle-12cr2-multitenant-local-undo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-12cr2-multitenant-local-undo\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle 12cR2 multitenant: Local UNDO"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>By Franck Pachot<\/h2>\n<p>.<br \/>\nPluggable Databases are supposed to be isolated, containing the whole of user data and metadata. This is the definition of dictionary separation coming with multitenant architecture: only system data and metadata are at CDB level. User data and metadata are in separate tablespaces belonging to the PDB.  And this is what makes the unplug\/plug available: because PDB tablespaces contain everything, you can transport their datafiles from one CDB to another.<br \/>\nHowever, if they are so isolated, can you explain why<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You cannot flashback a PDB?<\/li>\n<li>You need an auxiliary instance for PDB Point-In-Time recovery?<\/li>\n<li>You need to put the PDB read-only before cloning it?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\nThere is something that is not contained in your PDB but is at CDB level, and which contains user data. The UNDO tablespace is shared:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/CaptureLocalUndo001.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/CaptureLocalUndo001.png\" alt=\"CaptureLocalUndo001\" width=\"888\" height=\"476\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10686\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You cannot flashback a PDB because doing so requires to rollback the ongoing transactions at the time you flashback. Information was in UNDO tablespace at that time, but is not there anymore.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s the same idea with Point-In-Time recovery of PDB. You need to restore the UNDO tablespace to get those UNDO records from the Point-In-Time. But you cannot restore it in place because it&#8217;s shared with other PDBs that need current information. This is why you need an auxiliary instance for PDBPITR in 12.1<\/p>\n<p>To clone a PDB cannot be done with ongoing transactions because their UNDO is not in the PDB. This is why it can be done only when the PDB is read-only.<\/p>\n<h3>12.2 Local UNDO<\/h2>\n<p>In 12.2 you can choose to have one UNDO tablespace per PDB, in local undo mode, which is the default in DBCA:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/CaptureLocalUndo000.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/CaptureLocalUndo000.png\" alt=\"CaptureLocalUndo000\" width=\"753\" height=\"244\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10687\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>With local undo PDBs are truly isolated even when opened with ongoing transactions:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/CaptureLocalUndo002.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/CaptureLocalUndo002.png\" alt=\"CaptureLocalUndo002\" width=\"876\" height=\"476\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10685\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Look at the &#8216;RB segs&#8217; column from RMAN report schema:<br \/>\n<code><br \/>\n[oracle@OPC122 ~]$ rman target \/<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nRecovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Nov 8 18:53:46 2016<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nCopyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle and\/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nconnected to target database: CDB1 (DBID=901060295)<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nRMAN&gt; report schema;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nusing target database control file instead of recovery catalog<br \/>\nReport of database schema for database with db_unique_name CDB1<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nList of Permanent Datafiles<br \/>\n===========================<br \/>\nFile Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name<br \/>\n---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------<br \/>\n1    880      SYSTEM               YES     \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/system01.dbf<br \/>\n3    710      SYSAUX               NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/sysaux01.dbf<br \/>\n4    215      UNDOTBS1             YES     \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/undotbs01.dbf<br \/>\n5    270      PDB$SEED:SYSTEM      NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/pdbseed\/system01.dbf<br \/>\n6    560      PDB$SEED:SYSAUX      NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/pdbseed\/sysaux01.dbf<br \/>\n7    5        USERS                NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/users01.dbf<br \/>\n8    180      PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1    NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/pdbseed\/undotbs01.dbf<br \/>\n9    270      PDB1:SYSTEM          YES     \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/PDB1\/system01.dbf<br \/>\n10   590      PDB1:SYSAUX          NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/PDB1\/sysaux01.dbf<br \/>\n11   180      PDB1:UNDOTBS1        YES     \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/PDB1\/undotbs01.dbf<br \/>\n12   5        PDB1:USERS           NO      \/u02\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/PDB1\/users01.dbf<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nList of Temporary Files<br \/>\n=======================<br \/>\nFile Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name<br \/>\n---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------<br \/>\n1    33       TEMP                 32767       \/u04\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/temp\/temp01.dbf<br \/>\n2    64       PDB$SEED:TEMP        32767       \/u04\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/temp\/temp012016-10-04_11-34-07-330-AM.dbf<br \/>\n3    100      PDB1:TEMP            100         \/u04\/app\/oracle\/oradata\/CDB1\/PDB1\/temp012016-10-04_11-34-07-330-AM.dbf<br \/>\n<\/code><\/p>\n<p>You have an UNDO tablespace in ROOT, in PDB$SEED and in each user PDB.<\/p>\n<p>If you have a database in shared undo mode, you can move to local undo mode while in &#8216;startup migrate&#8217;. PDBs when opened will have an UNDO tablespace created. You can also create an UNDO tablespace in PDB$SEED. <\/p>\n<p>Yes, in 12.2, you can open the PDB$SEED read\/write for this purpose:<\/p>\n<p><code><br \/>\n18:55:59 SQL&gt; alter pluggable database PDB$SEED open read write force;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nPluggable database altered.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n18:56:18 SQL&gt; show pdbs;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED<br \/>\n---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------<br \/>\n         2 PDB$SEED                       READ WRITE NO<br \/>\n         3 PDB1                           READ WRITE NO<br \/>\n18:56:23 SQL&gt; alter pluggable database PDB$SEED open read only force;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nPluggable database altered.<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\nBut remember this is only allowed for local undo migration.<\/p>\n<p>The recommandation is to run in local undo mode, even in Single-Tenant.<\/p>\n<p>More about it in the <a href=\"http:\/\/12cr2multitenant.pachot.net\">12cR2 Multitenant book<\/a>:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/12cr2multitenant.pachot.net\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/51UkZp1tqGL._SX397_BO1204203200_.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Franck Pachot . Pluggable Databases are supposed to be isolated, containing the whole of user data and metadata. This is the definition of dictionary separation coming with multitenant architecture: only system data and metadata are at CDB level. User data and metadata are in separate tablespaces belonging to the PDB. And this is what [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":8837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[656,220,64,209,875,66,223],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-8832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-12-2","tag-cdb","tag-multitenant","tag-oracle-12c","tag-oracle-multitenant","tag-pdb","tag-pluggable-databases"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Oracle 12cR2 multitenant: Local UNDO - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-12cr2-multitenant-local-undo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oracle 12cR2 multitenant: Local UNDO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Franck Pachot . Pluggable Databases are supposed to be isolated, containing the whole of user data and metadata. This is the definition of dictionary separation coming with multitenant architecture: only system data and metadata are at CDB level. User data and metadata are in separate tablespaces belonging to the PDB. 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