{"id":6773,"date":"2016-01-12T09:46:15","date_gmt":"2016-01-12T08:46:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/"},"modified":"2016-01-12T09:46:15","modified_gmt":"2016-01-12T08:46:15","slug":"postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS – Loading the beast"},"content":{"rendered":"

The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud<\/a>, how you can restrict access to the instance<\/a>, how you can configure it<\/a> and how you can add a read replica<\/a>. In this post we’ll look at how you can load data to the instance. A database without data does not make much sense, does it?<\/p>\n

For having some data available to load I’ll populate my local PostgreSQL 9.4 instance with a new database and some data:<\/p>\n

\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > select version();\n                                                         version                                       \n                   \n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-------------------\n PostgreSQL 9.4.1dbi services on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Ha\nt 4.8.3-9), 64-bit\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 1.256 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > create database cloud;\nCREATE DATABASE\nTime: 1948.216 ms\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > \\c cloud\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"postgres\".\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > create table tcloud1 ( a int );\nCREATE TABLE\nTime: 196.661 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > insert into tcloud1 values (generate_series(1,1000000));\nINSERT 0 1000000\nTime: 6899.367 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > create index icloud1 on tcloud1 (a);\nCREATE INDEX\nTime: 5390.778 ms\n<\/pre>\n
So, I have a database called “cloud” which contains a table with 1’000’000 rows and an index.<\/p>\n
The first obvious method to get this local database to the cloud is pg_dump<\/a>, so lets create a dump of my local database:<\/p>\n
\npostgres@oel7:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG3] time pg_dump -f \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp cloud\n\nreal\t0m0.217s\nuser\t0m0.018s\nsys\t0m0.051s\npostgres@oel7:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG3] head \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp\n--\n-- PostgreSQL database dump\n--\n\nSET statement_timeout = 0;\nSET lock_timeout = 0;\nSET client_encoding = 'UTF8';\nSET standard_conforming_strings = on;\nSET check_function_bodies = false;\nSET client_min_messages = warning;\n<\/pre>\n
I should be able to load this dump into the cloud database. First I’ll need to create the database in the cloud instance:<\/p>\n
\ndaniel1=> create database cloud;\nCREATE DATABASE\ndaniel1=> \\l\n                                  List of databases\n   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   \n-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------\n cloud     | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | \n daniel1   | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | \n postgres  | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | \n rdsadmin  | rdsadmin | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | rdsadmin=CTc\/rdsadmin\n template0 | rdsadmin | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c\/rdsadmin          +\n           |          |          |             |             | rdsadmin=CTc\/rdsadmin\n template1 | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c\/daniel1           +\n           |          |          |             |             | daniel1=CTc\/daniel1\n(6 rows)\n<\/pre>\n
Having the database available I should be able to load the data:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ time psql -h daniel1.c8rrtm2sxmym.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com -U daniel1 cloud < \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp\nPassword for user daniel1: \nSET\nSET\nSET\nSET\nSET\nSET\nCREATE EXTENSION\nERROR:  must be owner of extension plpgsql\nSET\nSET\nSET\nCREATE TABLE\nERROR:  role "postgres" does not exist\nCREATE INDEX\nREVOKE\nERROR:  role "postgres" does not exist\nERROR:  role "postgres" does not exist\nGRANT\n\nreal\t0m17.894s\nuser\t0m0.128s\nsys\t0m0.024s\n<\/pre>\n
Looks not so bad. The user postgres does not exist in the cloud instance, therefore the errors. When I check the dump file for that:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ cat \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp | grep postgres\n-- Name: tcloud1; Type: TABLE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace: \nALTER TABLE tcloud1 OWNER TO postgres;\n-- Data for Name: tcloud1; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: public; Owner: postgres\n-- Name: icloud1; Type: INDEX; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace: \n-- Name: public; Type: ACL; Schema: -; Owner: postgres\nREVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM postgres;\nGRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO postgres;\n<\/pre>\n
… it is just the permissions which I do ignore here. Otherwise I’d have to re-create the database, change the statements in the dump file and all would be fine. The extension plpgsql does exist anyway:<\/p>\n
\ndaniel1=> \\c cloud\npsql (9.3.10, server 9.4.5)\nWARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.4.\n         Some psql features might not work.\nSSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256)\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"daniel1\".\n\ncloud=> \\dx\n                 List of installed extensions\n  Name   | Version |   Schema   |         Description          \n---------+---------+------------+------------------------------\n plpgsql | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL\/pgSQL procedural language\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n
The important point is if my data is there:<\/p>\n
\ncloud=> select count(*) from tcloud1;\n  count  \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n\ncloud=> \\d+ tcloud1\n                       Table \"public.tcloud1\"\n Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description \n--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------\n a      | integer |           | plain   |              | \nIndexes:\n    \"icloud1\" btree (a)\nHas OIDs: no\n<\/pre>\n
Yes, it is. As I did add a replica in the last post the data should be there too:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ psql -h daniel2.c8rrtm2sxmym.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com -U daniel1 cloud -c \"select count(*) from tcloud1\"\nPassword for user daniel1: \n  count  \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n
Cool. Quite easy. Another option would be to use the copy command<\/a>. Lets prepare the source:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > \\c cloud\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"postgres\".\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > create table tcloud2 as select * from tcloud1;\nSELECT 1000000\nTime: 5221.107 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > copy tcloud2 to '\/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp';\nCOPY 1000000\nTime: 151.243 ms\n\npostgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > \\! head \/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n<\/pre>\n
And now load it to the cloud instance:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ psql -h daniel1.c8rrtm2sxmym.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com -U daniel1\nPassword for user daniel1: \npsql (9.3.10, server 9.4.5)\nWARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.4.\n         Some psql features might not work.\nSSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ndaniel1=> \\c cloud\npsql (9.3.10, server 9.4.5)\nWARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.4.\n         Some psql features might not work.\nSSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256)\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"daniel1\".\n\ncloud=> create table tcloud2 (like tcloud1 including indexes);\nCREATE TABLE\ncloud=> \n\ncloud=> copy tcloud2 from '\/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp';\nERROR:  must be superuser to COPY to or from a file\nHINT:  Anyone can COPY to stdout or from stdin. psql's \\copy command also works for anyone.\n<\/pre>\n
Hm, so my user is not allowed to do that as I am not a superuser. But the hint helps. We just can use psql’s “\\copy” command instead:<\/p>\n
\ncloud=> \\copy tcloud2 from '\/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp';\ncloud=> select count(*) from tcloud2;\n  count  \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n\ncloud=> \n<\/pre>\n
All the data is there. Of course you can use graphical tools like pgadmin3<\/a> to load the data, too:
\n\"pgadmincloud\"<\/a> <\/p>\n
Conclusion: It is really easy and fast to bring data from a local PostgreSQL instance to a cloud instance. Happy loading …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud, how you can restrict access to the instance, how you can configure it and how you can add a read replica. In this post we’ll look at how you can load data to the instance. A database without data… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":6775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4133],"tags":[135],"class_list":["post-6773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database","tag-cloud"],"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast - dbi services | Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud, how you can restrict access to the instance, how you can configure it and how you can add a read replica. 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