{"id":6773,"date":"2016-01-12T09:46:15","date_gmt":"2016-01-12T08:46:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/"},"modified":"2016-01-12T09:46:15","modified_gmt":"2016-01-12T08:46:15","slug":"postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS – Loading the beast"},"content":{"rendered":"

The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud<\/a>, how you can restrict access to the instance<\/a>, how you can configure it<\/a> and how you can add a read replica<\/a>. In this post we’ll look at how you can load data to the instance. A database without data does not make much sense, does it?<\/p>\n

For having some data available to load I’ll populate my local PostgreSQL 9.4 instance with a new database and some data:<\/p>\n

\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > select version();\n                                                         version                                       \n                   \n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-------------------\n PostgreSQL 9.4.1dbi services on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Ha\nt 4.8.3-9), 64-bit\n(1 row)\n\nTime: 1.256 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > create database cloud;\nCREATE DATABASE\nTime: 1948.216 ms\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > \\c cloud\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"postgres\".\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > create table tcloud1 ( a int );\nCREATE TABLE\nTime: 196.661 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > insert into tcloud1 values (generate_series(1,1000000));\nINSERT 0 1000000\nTime: 6899.367 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > create index icloud1 on tcloud1 (a);\nCREATE INDEX\nTime: 5390.778 ms\n<\/pre>\n
So, I have a database called “cloud” which contains a table with 1’000’000 rows and an index.<\/p>\n
The first obvious method to get this local database to the cloud is pg_dump<\/a>, so lets create a dump of my local database:<\/p>\n
\npostgres@oel7:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG3] time pg_dump -f \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp cloud\n\nreal\t0m0.217s\nuser\t0m0.018s\nsys\t0m0.051s\npostgres@oel7:\/home\/postgres\/ [PG3] head \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp\n--\n-- PostgreSQL database dump\n--\n\nSET statement_timeout = 0;\nSET lock_timeout = 0;\nSET client_encoding = 'UTF8';\nSET standard_conforming_strings = on;\nSET check_function_bodies = false;\nSET client_min_messages = warning;\n<\/pre>\n
I should be able to load this dump into the cloud database. First I’ll need to create the database in the cloud instance:<\/p>\n
\ndaniel1=> create database cloud;\nCREATE DATABASE\ndaniel1=> \\l\n                                  List of databases\n   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   \n-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------\n cloud     | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | \n daniel1   | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | \n postgres  | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | \n rdsadmin  | rdsadmin | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | rdsadmin=CTc\/rdsadmin\n template0 | rdsadmin | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c\/rdsadmin          +\n           |          |          |             |             | rdsadmin=CTc\/rdsadmin\n template1 | daniel1  | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c\/daniel1           +\n           |          |          |             |             | daniel1=CTc\/daniel1\n(6 rows)\n<\/pre>\n
Having the database available I should be able to load the data:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ time psql -h daniel1.c8rrtm2sxmym.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com -U daniel1 cloud < \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp\nPassword for user daniel1: \nSET\nSET\nSET\nSET\nSET\nSET\nCREATE EXTENSION\nERROR:  must be owner of extension plpgsql\nSET\nSET\nSET\nCREATE TABLE\nERROR:  role "postgres" does not exist\nCREATE INDEX\nREVOKE\nERROR:  role "postgres" does not exist\nERROR:  role "postgres" does not exist\nGRANT\n\nreal\t0m17.894s\nuser\t0m0.128s\nsys\t0m0.024s\n<\/pre>\n
Looks not so bad. The user postgres does not exist in the cloud instance, therefore the errors. When I check the dump file for that:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ cat \/var\/tmp\/cloud.dmp | grep postgres\n-- Name: tcloud1; Type: TABLE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace: \nALTER TABLE tcloud1 OWNER TO postgres;\n-- Data for Name: tcloud1; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: public; Owner: postgres\n-- Name: icloud1; Type: INDEX; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace: \n-- Name: public; Type: ACL; Schema: -; Owner: postgres\nREVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM postgres;\nGRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO postgres;\n<\/pre>\n
… it is just the permissions which I do ignore here. Otherwise I’d have to re-create the database, change the statements in the dump file and all would be fine. The extension plpgsql does exist anyway:<\/p>\n
\ndaniel1=> \\c cloud\npsql (9.3.10, server 9.4.5)\nWARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.4.\n         Some psql features might not work.\nSSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256)\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"daniel1\".\n\ncloud=> \\dx\n                 List of installed extensions\n  Name   | Version |   Schema   |         Description          \n---------+---------+------------+------------------------------\n plpgsql | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL\/pgSQL procedural language\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n
The important point is if my data is there:<\/p>\n
\ncloud=> select count(*) from tcloud1;\n  count  \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n\ncloud=> \\d+ tcloud1\n                       Table \"public.tcloud1\"\n Column |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description \n--------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------\n a      | integer |           | plain   |              | \nIndexes:\n    \"icloud1\" btree (a)\nHas OIDs: no\n<\/pre>\n
Yes, it is. As I did add a replica in the last post the data should be there too:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ psql -h daniel2.c8rrtm2sxmym.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com -U daniel1 cloud -c \"select count(*) from tcloud1\"\nPassword for user daniel1: \n  count  \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n
Cool. Quite easy. Another option would be to use the copy command<\/a>. Lets prepare the source:<\/p>\n
\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [postgres] > \\c cloud\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"postgres\".\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > create table tcloud2 as select * from tcloud1;\nSELECT 1000000\nTime: 5221.107 ms\n\n(postgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > copy tcloud2 to '\/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp';\nCOPY 1000000\nTime: 151.243 ms\n\npostgres@[local]:4445) [cloud] > \\! head \/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n<\/pre>\n
And now load it to the cloud instance:<\/p>\n
\ndwe@dwe:~$ psql -h daniel1.c8rrtm2sxmym.eu-central-1.rds.amazonaws.com -U daniel1\nPassword for user daniel1: \npsql (9.3.10, server 9.4.5)\nWARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.4.\n         Some psql features might not work.\nSSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ndaniel1=> \\c cloud\npsql (9.3.10, server 9.4.5)\nWARNING: psql major version 9.3, server major version 9.4.\n         Some psql features might not work.\nSSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256)\nYou are now connected to database \"cloud\" as user \"daniel1\".\n\ncloud=> create table tcloud2 (like tcloud1 including indexes);\nCREATE TABLE\ncloud=> \n\ncloud=> copy tcloud2 from '\/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp';\nERROR:  must be superuser to COPY to or from a file\nHINT:  Anyone can COPY to stdout or from stdin. psql's \\copy command also works for anyone.\n<\/pre>\n
Hm, so my user is not allowed to do that as I am not a superuser. But the hint helps. We just can use psql’s “\\copy” command instead:<\/p>\n
\ncloud=> \\copy tcloud2 from '\/var\/tmp\/tcloud2.dmp';\ncloud=> select count(*) from tcloud2;\n  count  \n---------\n 1000000\n(1 row)\n\ncloud=> \n<\/pre>\n
All the data is there. Of course you can use graphical tools like pgadmin3<\/a> to load the data, too:
\n\"pgadmincloud\"<\/a> <\/p>\n
Conclusion: It is really easy and fast to bring data from a local PostgreSQL instance to a cloud instance. Happy loading …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud, how you can restrict access to the instance, how you can configure it and how you can add a read replica. In this post we’ll look at how you can load data to the instance. A database without data […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":6775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[135,77],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-6773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-cloud","tag-postgresql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud, how you can restrict access to the instance, how you can configure it and how you can add a read replica. 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\\\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). His branch-related experience mainly covers the pharma industry, the financial sector, energy, lottery and telecommunications.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/westermanndanie\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/daniel-westermann\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast - dbi Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast","og_description":"The last posts outlined how you can bring up a PostgreSQL instance in the Amazon cloud, how you can restrict access to the instance, how you can configure it and how you can add a read replica. In this post we’ll look at how you can load data to the instance. A database without data […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/","og_site_name":"dbi Blog","article_published_time":"2016-01-12T08:46:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1031,"height":685,"url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/pgadmincloud-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Daniel Westermann","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@westermanndanie","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Daniel Westermann","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/"},"author":{"name":"Daniel Westermann","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66"},"headline":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS – Loading the beast","datePublished":"2016-01-12T08:46:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/"},"wordCount":350,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/pgadmincloud-1.png","keywords":["Cloud","PostgreSQL"],"articleSection":["Database Administration & Monitoring"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/","name":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS - Loading the beast - dbi Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/pgadmincloud-1.png","datePublished":"2016-01-12T08:46:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/pgadmincloud-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/pgadmincloud-1.png","width":1031,"height":685},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-on-amazon-rds-loading-the-beast\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS – Loading the beast"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/","name":"dbi Blog","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66","name":"Daniel Westermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/31350ceeecb1dd8986339a29bf040d4cd3cd087d410deccd8f55234466d6c317?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/31350ceeecb1dd8986339a29bf040d4cd3cd087d410deccd8f55234466d6c317?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/31350ceeecb1dd8986339a29bf040d4cd3cd087d410deccd8f55234466d6c317?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Daniel Westermann"},"description":"Daniel Westermann is Principal Consultant and Technology Leader Open Infrastructure at dbi services. He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). His branch-related experience mainly covers the pharma industry, the financial sector, energy, lottery and telecommunications.","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/westermanndanie"],"url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/author\/daniel-westermann\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6773"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6773\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6773"},{"taxonomy":"type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_dbi?post=6773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}