{"id":5331,"date":"2015-08-28T07:49:40","date_gmt":"2015-08-28T05:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\/"},"modified":"2015-08-28T07:49:40","modified_gmt":"2015-08-28T05:49:40","slug":"sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server 2016: the Time Travel with temporal table \u2013 Part II"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h2>\n

INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE commands<\/h2>\n

After the introduction and the table creation, in this second part, I present the 3 important commands INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE.
\nI divide my article into 4 parts to be clearer and easier to read:
\nPart I \u2013 Principle & Creation<\/a>
\nPart II \u2013 INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE commands<\/a>
\nPart III \u2013 SELECT command<\/a>
\nPart IV \u2013 Maintenance & Metadata<\/a><\/p>\n

SQL Server version\/built used for this serie of articles is CTP 2.2\/13.0.407.1<\/strong><\/p>\n

INSERT Command<\/h3>\n

The Insert is like a \u2018normal\u2019 insert:<\/p>\n

INSERT INTO [Zoo].[dbo].[Animals]([Name],[Genus Species],[Number])\n     VALUES('African wild cat','Felis silvestris lybica',10)\nGO<\/pre>\n
I check quickly both tables and I can see that animals has my new row and the History table AnimalsHistory is empty.<\/p>\n
\"temporal06\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
Can I insert a row and specified the Start Date?
\nI test\u2026and the result:<\/p>\n
\"temporal07\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
Ooooups! I cannot insert a row with a specific Start Date.
\nThe other way is to add a default value for the Start Date and to insert my line with a constraint:<\/p>\n
\"temporal08\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
But the result indicates the correct insert date and time, and not my default value.
\nI precise the default in the Start Date in my next insert:<\/p>\n
\"temporal09\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
And I have NOT my default Start Date\u2026<\/p>\n
A fun thing\u2026 that I remark is the Time in my Start Time is delayed from 2 hours.\u00a0 Indeed, the time is set to the UTC Time (documented in the msdn<\/a>). Don\u2019t forget it when you want be precise to retrieve data in a point in time.<\/p>\n
<\/h2>\n
\"temporal10\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
My conclusion for the INSERT is very simple, you can just insert from your actual date and you cannot define your Start Date.
\nI insert with a script all animals that I wish for my zoo.<\/p>\n
\"temporal11\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
But I must update the number when the species arrived\u2026.<\/p>\n
UPDATE Command<\/h3>\n
The update command is like a standard update for your line:<\/p>\n
\"temporal11a\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
You can notice that the update has 2 rows affected\u2026
\nAnd in the query plan, you can notice that you have a Update of the table Animals and an Insert in the table AnimalsHistory:<\/p>\n
\"temporal11b\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n
To create an update for all lines, I use the command:<\/p>\n
SELECT 'UPDATE [Zoo].[dbo].[Animals] SET Number = '+ CONVERT(varchar(10),CAST(RAND(CHECKSUM(NEWID())) * 50 as INT) + 1)  \n+' WHERE Name = '''+ Name + ''' AND  [Genus Species]= ''' + [Genus Species] +''';WAITFOR DELAY ''00:05'';'\n FROM [Zoo].[dbo].[Animals]<\/pre>\n
The command \u201cCAST(RAND(CHECKSUM(NEWID())) * 50 as INT) + 1\u201d gives a random number from 1 to 50.
\nI run all update at different time 5 minutes for all rows with a WAITFOR DELAY ’00:05′;
\nThen queries are like:<\/p>\n
UPDATE [Zoo].[dbo].[Animals] SET Number = 21 WHERE Name = 'African wild cat' AND  [Genus Species]= 'Felis silvestris lybica';WAITFOR DELAY '00:05';\nUPDATE [Zoo].[dbo].[Animals] SET Number = 28 WHERE Name = 'Alligator' AND  [Genus Species]= 'Alligator mississippiensis';WAITFOR DELAY '00:05';\nUPDATE [Zoo].[dbo].[Animals] SET Number = 32 WHERE Name = 'Alligator' AND  [Genus Species]= 'Alligator mississippiensis';WAITFOR DELAY '00:05';\n<\/pre>\n
After a long time, I run a SELECT on both tables:<\/p>\n
\"temporal12\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
In the table Animals, I have all rows \u201cup to date\u201d and in my history table, I have all old values historicized.<\/p>\n
DELETE Command<\/h3>\n
For the delete, the row is deleted from your table like a standard delete. The value is stored in the History Table with an End Date and Time, when the delete command is running.
\nIn my sample, I have two rows with Alligator and I delete the AnimalID \u201c3\u201d.<\/p>\n
\"temporal26\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
If we have a look on the query plan, we can see both operation (delete on the table and insert on the history table):<\/p>\n
\"temporal27\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n
Like every time, it is easy to delete \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n
CORE MESSAGE<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • It is easy to insert DATA in the table, as it is the classical way.<\/li>\n
  • But, you cannot force the Start Date and Time.<\/li>\n
  • The Start Date and Time is set to the UTC Time<\/strong>. Don\u2019t forget to add the Offset when you will select data from a point in time.<\/li>\n
  • The update is like a standard update and the old value is stored in the Historic table.<\/li>\n
  • Like the update, delete is like a standard delete, and the value is stored in the Historic table with an End Date and Time when the delete was executed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE commands After the introduction and the table creation, in this second part, I present the 3 important commands INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE. I divide my article into 4 parts to be clearer and easier to read: Part I \u2013 Principle & Creation Part II \u2013 INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE commands Part […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":5343,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[49,51,566,625],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-5331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology-survey","tag-microsoft","tag-sql-server","tag-sql-server-2016","tag-temporal-table"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSQL Server 2016: the Time Travel with temporal table \u2013 Part II - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This second part of the temporal table present the 3 commands: INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SQL Server 2016: the Time Travel with temporal table \u2013 Part II\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This second part of the temporal table present the 3 commands: INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dbi Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-08-28T05:49:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/temporal06-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"658\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"509\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"St\u00e9phane Haby\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"St\u00e9phane Haby\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"St\u00e9phane Haby\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d0bfb7484ae81c8980fc2b11334f803b\"},\"headline\":\"SQL Server 2016: the Time Travel with temporal table \u2013 Part II\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-08-28T05:49:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":593,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/temporal06-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Microsoft\",\"SQL Server\",\"SQL Server 2016\",\"Temporal Table\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Technology Survey\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/sql-server-2016-the-time-travel-with-temporal-table-part-ii\\\/\",\"name\":\"SQL Server 2016: the Time Travel with temporal table \u2013 Part II - 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