{"id":42692,"date":"2026-01-30T18:19:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T17:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=42692"},"modified":"2026-01-30T18:19:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T17:19:36","slug":"commercial-postgresql-distributions-with-tde-1-fujitsu-enterprise-postgres-2-tde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/commercial-postgresql-distributions-with-tde-1-fujitsu-enterprise-postgres-2-tde\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial PostgreSQL distributions with TDE (1) Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres (2) TDE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/commercial-postgresql-distributions-with-tde-1-fujitsu-enterprise-postgres-1-setup\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">last post<\/a> we did the setup of Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres so we&#8217;re now ready to look at how TDE is implemented in this distribution of PostgreSQL. The unit of encryption in this version of PostgreSQL is a tablespace but before we can encrypt anything we need to create a master encryption key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The location where the keystore gets created is specified by the &#8220;keystore_location&#8221; parameter, a parameter not known in community PostgreSQL:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2,4,5]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] mkdir \/u02\/pgdata\/keystore\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] psql -c &quot;alter system set keystore_location = &#039;\/u02\/pgdata\/keystore&#039;&quot;\nALTER SYSTEM\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] sudo systemctl restart fe-postgres-1.service\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] psql -c &quot;show keystore_location&quot;\n  keystore_location   \n----------------------\n \/u02\/pgdata\/keystore\n(1 row)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Once that is ready we need to create the master encryption key using a function called &#8220;pgx_set_master_key&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,5,12,15]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] psql\npsql (18.0)\nType &quot;help&quot; for help.\n\npostgres=# \\df pgx_set_master_key\n                                List of functions\n   Schema   |        Name        | Result data type | Argument data types | Type \n------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | pgx_set_master_key | void             | text                | func\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# SELECT pgx_set_master_key(&#039;secret&#039;);\nERROR:  passphrase is too short or too long\nDETAIL:  The length of the passphrase must be between 8 and 200 bytes.\npostgres=# SELECT pgx_set_master_key(&#039;secret123&#039;);\n pgx_set_master_key \n--------------------\n \n(1 row)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This created a new keystore file under the location we&#8217;ve specified above which is of course not human readable:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,6]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# \\! ls -la \/u02\/pgdata\/keystore\ntotal 4\ndrwxr-xr-x. 2 postgres postgres  25 Jan 28 10:43 .\ndrwxr-xr-x. 4 postgres postgres  34 Jan 28 10:39 ..\n-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 928 Jan 28 10:43 keystore.ks\npostgres=# \\! strings \/u02\/pgdata\/keystore\/keystore.ks\nKSTR\n@NA\\\nIo      BS\na!]I\n&gt;yu;\n2r&lt;:4\nG)n%j\n6wE&quot;\n@{OT\nym&amp;M]\n@1l&#039;z\n}5&gt;,\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The advantage of implementing TDE on the tablespace level and not the whole instance is, that we can still restart the instance without specifying the master encryption key:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] sudo systemctl restart fe-postgres-1.service\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] psql\npsql (18.0)\nType &quot;help&quot; for help.\n\npostgres=$\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Before we can encrypt anything we need to open the keystore using another function called &#8220;pgx_open_keystore&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,8]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# \\df pgx_open_keystore\n                               List of functions\n   Schema   |       Name        | Result data type | Argument data types | Type \n------------+-------------------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | pgx_open_keystore | void             | text                | func\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# select pgx_open_keystore(&#039;secret123&#039;);\n pgx_open_keystore \n-------------------\n \n(1 row)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Once the keystore is open we can create an encrypted tablespace and put some data inside:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,2,4,12,14]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# \\! mkdir \/var\/tmp\/tbsencr\npostgres=# create tablespace tbsencr location &#039;\/var\/tmp\/tbsencr&#039; with (tablespace_encryption_algorithm = &#039;AES256&#039; );\nCREATE TABLESPACE\npostgres=# \\dbs+\n                                                        List of tablespaces\n    Name    |  Owner   |     Location     | Access privileges |                 Options                  |   Size    | Description \n------------+----------+------------------+-------------------+------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------\n pg_default | postgres |                  |                   |                                          | 23 MB     | \n pg_global  | postgres |                  |                   |                                          | 790 kB    | \n tbsencr    | postgres | \/var\/tmp\/tbsencr |                   | {tablespace_encryption_algorithm=AES256} | 928 bytes | \n(3 rows)\npostgres=# create table t1 ( a int, b text ) tablespace tbsencr;\nCREATE TABLE\npostgres=# insert into t1 select i, i::text from generate_series(1,100) i;\nINSERT 0 100\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trying to read from that table without opening the keystore will of course fail:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] sudo systemctl restart fe-postgres-1.service\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] psql -c &quot;select * from t1&quot;\nERROR:  could not encrypt or decrypt data because the keystore is not open\nHINT:  Open the existing keystore, or set the master encryption key to create and open a new keystore\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>There are not only pgx_* functions, there are also pgx_* catalog views which give you more information about specific topics not available in community PostgreSQL, e.g. for listing the tablespaces and their encryption scheme:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# select spcname, spcencalgo from pg_tablespace ts, pgx_tablespaces tsx where ts.oid = tsx.spctablespace;\n  spcname   | spcencalgo \n------------+------------\n pg_default | none\n pg_global  | none\n tbsencr    | AES256\n(3 rows)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Like in Oracle with the wallet there is the option to auto open the keystore:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] pgx_keystore --enable-auto-open \/u02\/pgdata\/keystore\/keystore.ks \nEnter passphrase: \nauto-open of the keystore has been enabled\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The whole management of the key store and also the auto open options are explained well in the <a href=\"https:\/\/fujitsu-postgres-docs-search.web.app\/documentation\/FEP_18_AE\/html\/x86\/Operation%20Guide_Linux\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">official documentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Btw: If you dump the data with pg_dump while the keystore is open this will result in an unencrypted dump:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres@rhel9-latest:\/home\/postgres\/ &#x5B;fe18] pg_dump | grep -A 3 COPY\nCOPY public.t (a) FROM stdin;\n1\n\\.\n\n--\nCOPY public.t1 (a, b) FROM stdin;\n1       1\n2       2\n3       3\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>There is the <a href=\"https:\/\/fujitsu-postgres-docs-search.web.app\/documentation\/FEP_18_AE\/html\/x86\/Reference%20Guide_Windows_Linux\/index.html\">pgx_dmpall<\/a> command which can be used to backup the whole instance, but this is out of scope for this post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the last post we did the setup of Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres so we&#8217;re now ready to look at how TDE is implemented in this distribution of PostgreSQL. The unit of encryption in this version of PostgreSQL is a tablespace but before we can encrypt anything we need to create a master encryption key. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198],"tags":[77],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-42692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","tag-postgresql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commercial PostgreSQL distributions with TDE (1) Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres (2) TDE - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/commercial-postgresql-distributions-with-tde-1-fujitsu-enterprise-postgres-2-tde\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Commercial PostgreSQL distributions with TDE (1) Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres (2) TDE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the last post we did the setup of Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres so we&#8217;re now ready to look at how TDE is implemented in this distribution of PostgreSQL. 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\\\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &amp;\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). His branch-related experience mainly covers the pharma industry, the financial sector, energy, lottery and telecommunications.","sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/westermanndanie"],"url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/author\/daniel-westermann\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42692"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42738,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42692\/revisions\/42738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42692"},{"taxonomy":"type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_dbi?post=42692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}