{"id":38882,"date":"2025-05-23T01:43:03","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T23:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=38882"},"modified":"2025-06-20T13:20:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T11:20:52","slug":"sql-server-2025-zstd-a-new-compression-algorithm-for-backups","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/sql-server-2025-zstd-a-new-compression-algorithm-for-backups\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server 2025 &#8211; ZSTD &#8211; A new compression algorithm for backups"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-introduction\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SQL Server 2025 introduces a new algorithm for backup compression: ZSTD. As a result, SQL Server 2025 now offers three solutions for backup compression:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MS_XPRESS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>QAT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ZSTD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog, we will compare MS_XPRESS and ZSTD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-environment\">Environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To perform these tests, the following virtual machine was used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OS: Windows Server 2022 Datacenter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SQL Server: 2025 Standard Developer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CPU: 8 cores<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VM memory: 12 GB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(SQL) Max server memory: 4 GB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, I used the StackOverflow database to run the backup tests (reference: https:\/\/www.brentozar.com\/archive\/2015\/10\/how-to-download-the-stack-overflow-database-via-bittorrent\/).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zstd-usage\">ZSTD usage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several ways to use the new ZSTD compression algorithm. Here are two methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Add the following terms to the SQL backup commands: WITH COMPRESSION (ALGORITHM = ZSTD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BACKUP DATABASE StackOverflow TO DISK = 'T:\\S1.bak' WITH INIT, FORMAT, COMPRESSION (ALGORITHM = ZSTD), STATS = 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Change the compression algorithm at the instance level:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>EXECUTE sp_configure 'backup compression algorithm', 3; \nRECONFIGURE;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, there is a known issue with the above command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"912\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-24.png 912w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-24-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-24-768x359.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 912px) 100vw, 912px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-25.png 610w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/image-25-300x30.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/sql-server\/sql-server-2025-release-notes?view=sql-server-ver17\">https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/sql-server\/sql-server-2025-release-notes?view=sql-server-ver17<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-initial-data\">The initial data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The StackOverflow database used has a size of approximately 165 GB. To perform an initial test using the MS_XPRESS algorithm, the commands below were executed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SET STATISTICS TIME ON\nBACKUP DATABASE StackOverflow TO DISK = 'T:\\S1.bak' WITH INIT, FORMAT, COMPRESSION, STATS = 5;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BACKUP DATABASE successfully processed 20 932 274 pages in 290.145 seconds (563.626 MB\/sec).\nSQL Server Execution Times: CPU time = 11 482 ms,&nbsp; elapsed time = 290 207 ms.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>For the second test, we are using the ZSTD algorithm with the commands below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SET STATISTICS TIME ON\nBACKUP DATABASE StackOverflow TO DISK = 'T:\\S1.bak' WITH INIT, FORMAT, COMPRESSION (ALGORITHM = ZSTD), STATS = 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>BACKUP DATABASE successfully processed 20 932 274 pages in 171.338 seconds (954.449 MB\/sec).\nCPU time = 10 750 ms,&nbsp; elapsed time = 171 397 ms.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>It should be noted that my storage system cannot sustain its maximum throughput for an extended period. In fact, when transferring large files (e.g., 100 GB), the throughput drops after about 15 seconds (for example, from 1.2 GB\/s to 500 MB\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the initial data, the CPU time between MS_XPRESS and ZSTD is generally the same. However, since ZSTD allows backups to be performed more quickly (based on the tests), the overall CPU time is lower with the ZSTD algorithm. Indeed, because the backup duration is reduced, the time the CPU spends executing instructions (related to backups) is also lower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comparison table for elapsed time with percentage gain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Test Number<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Compression Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Duration In Seconds<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>MS_XPRESS<\/td><td>290<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>ZSTD<\/td><td>171<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Performance<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Approximately 41% faster<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comparison-of-captured-data\">Comparison of captured data<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During the tests, performance counters were set up to gain a more accurate view of the behavior of the two algorithms during a backup. For this, we used the following counters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Backup throughput\/sec (KB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disk Read KB\/sec (in my case, Disk Read KB\/sec is equal to the values of the Backup Throughput\/sec (KB) counter). In fact, the &#8220;Backup throughput\/sec (KB)&#8221; counter reflects the reading of data pages during the backup.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disk Write KB\/sec<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Processor Time (%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"617\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/a-1024x617.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38897\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/a-1024x617.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/a-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/a-768x462.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/a-1536x925.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/a-2048x1233.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We observe that the throughput is higher with the ZSTD algorithm. The drop that appears is explained by the fact that ZSTD enabled the backup to be completed more quickly. As a result, the backup operation took less time, and the amount of data collected is lower compared to the other solution. Additionally, it should be noted that the database is hosted on volume (S) while the backups are stored on another volume (T).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/b-1024x665.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38899\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/b-1024x665.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/b-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/b-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/b-1536x998.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/b-2048x1331.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We also observe that the write throughput is higher when using the ZSTD algorithm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/c-1024x529.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/c-1024x529.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/c-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/c-768x397.png 768w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/c-1536x794.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/05\/c-2048x1059.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For the same observed period, the CPU load is generally the same however ZSTD allows a backup to be completed more quickly (in our case). As a result, the overall CPU load is generally lower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also observe that the backup ratio (on this database) is higher with the ZSTD algorithm. This indicates that the size occupied by the compressed backup is smaller with ZSTD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>backup_ratio<\/th><th>database_name<\/th><th>backup_type<\/th><th>compressed_backup_size (bytes)<\/th><th>compression_algorithm<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>3.410259900691847063<\/td><td>StackOverflow<\/td><td>Full<\/td><td>50 283 256 836<\/td><td>MS_XPRESS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.443440933211591093<\/td><td>StackOverflow<\/td><td>Full<\/td><td>49 798 726 852<\/td><td>ZSTD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the tests performed, we observe that the ZSTD algorithm allows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Faster backup creation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduced CPU load because backups are produced more quickly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduced backup size<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, it should be noted that further testing is needed to confirm the points above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thank you, Amine Haloui.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction SQL Server 2025 introduces a new algorithm for backup compression: ZSTD. As a result, SQL Server 2025 now offers three solutions for backup compression: In this blog, we will compare MS_XPRESS and ZSTD. Environment To perform these tests, the following virtual machine was used: Additionally, I used the StackOverflow database to run the backup [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198,368,99],"tags":[202,49,51],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-38882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","category-development-performance","category-sql-server","tag-backup","tag-microsoft","tag-sql-server"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SQL Server 2025 - ZSTD - A new compression algorithm for backups - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/sql-server-2025-zstd-a-new-compression-algorithm-for-backups\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SQL Server 2025 - ZSTD - A new compression algorithm for backups\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction SQL Server 2025 introduces a new algorithm for backup compression: ZSTD. As a result, SQL Server 2025 now offers three solutions for backup compression: In this blog, we will compare MS_XPRESS and ZSTD. 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As a result, SQL Server 2025 now offers three solutions for backup compression: In this blog, we will compare MS_XPRESS and ZSTD. 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