{"id":36798,"date":"2025-01-22T10:38:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T09:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=36798"},"modified":"2025-01-22T10:40:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T09:40:17","slug":"postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL 18: Add OLD\/NEW support to RETURNING in DML queries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>While doing some research on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openstack.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OpenStack<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/creating-your-private-cloud-using-openstack-1-introduction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">see here for the introduction post<\/a>), I thought blogging about a new feature for the next version of PostgreSQL might free my head a bit from all those OpenStack services, so here we go \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What you can do in PostgreSQL since a very long time, is to return the values of an insert\/update or delete statement like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,3,10,18]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# create table t ( a int, b text );\nCREATE TABLE\npostgres=# insert into t values (1,&#039;aaa&#039;) returning *;\n a |  b  \n---+-----\n 1 | aaa\n(1 row)\n\nINSERT 0 1\npostgres=# update t set b = &#039;bbb&#039; returning *;\n a |  b  \n---+-----\n 1 | bbb\n(1 row)\n\nUPDATE 1\n\npostgres=# delete from t where b = &#039;bbb&#039; returning *;\n a |  b  \n---+-----\n 1 | bbb\n(1 row)\n\nDELETE 1\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This is especially useful for generated or default values which might not be known from the beginning:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,3,4,5,7]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# drop table t;\nDROP TABLE\npostgres=# create table t ( a int primary key generated always as identity\n                          , b text\n                          , c timestamptz default now() );\nCREATE TABLE\npostgres=# insert into t (b) values (&#039;aaa&#039;) returning a,c;\n a |               c               \n---+-------------------------------\n 1 | 2025-01-22 10:22:13.738709+01\n(1 row)\n\nINSERT 0 1\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>What you can&#8217;t do as of today is to reference (or return) the old and new values for the affected rows a the same time. With this <a href=\"https:\/\/git.postgresql.org\/gitweb\/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=80feb727c869cc0b2e12bd1543bafa449be9c8e2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">patch<\/a> this changes, and you can return both: old and new:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# update t set b = &#039;xxx&#039; returning old.b as old, new.b as new;\n old | new \n-----+-----\n aaa | xxx\n(1 row)\n\nUPDATE 1\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>For an insert statement old values will be null, for a delete statement the new values will be null:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,8]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# insert into t (b) values (&#039;yyy&#039;) returning old.b as old, new.b as new;\nold | new\n----+-----\n    | yyy\n(1 row)\n\nINSERT 0 1\npostgres=# delete from t where b = &#039;yyy&#039; returning old.b as old, new.b as new;\n old | new \n-----+-----\n yyy | \n(1 row)\n\nDELETE 1\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This works (and did before) for multiple rows as well:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,3]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# insert into t (b) select md5(i::text) from generate_series(1,10) i;\nINSERT 0 10\npostgres=# update t set b = &#039;qqq&#039; returning old.b as old, new.b as new;\n               old                | new \n----------------------------------+-----\n xxx                              | qqq\n c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b | qqq\n c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c | qqq\n eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3 | qqq\n a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c | qqq\n e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5 | qqq\n 1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc | qqq\n 8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543 | qqq\n c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d | qqq\n 45c48cce2e2d7fbdea1afc51c7c6ad26 | qqq\n d3d9446802a44259755d38e6d163e820 | qqq\n(11 rows)\n\nUPDATE 11\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Nice, thanks to everybody who worked on this.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While doing some research on OpenStack (see here for the introduction post), I thought blogging about a new feature for the next version of PostgreSQL might free my head a bit from all those OpenStack services, so here we go \ud83d\ude42 What you can do in PostgreSQL since a very long time, is to return [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198],"tags":[77],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-36798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","tag-postgresql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL 18: Add OLD\/NEW support to RETURNING in DML queries - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL 18: Add OLD\/NEW support to RETURNING in DML queries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"While doing some research on OpenStack (see here for the introduction post), I thought blogging about a new feature for the next version of PostgreSQL might free my head a bit from all those OpenStack services, so here we go \ud83d\ude42 What you can do in PostgreSQL since a very long time, is to return [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dbi Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-22T09:38:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-22T09:40:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel Westermann\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@westermanndanie\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Westermann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Westermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66\"},\"headline\":\"PostgreSQL 18: Add OLD\\\/NEW support to RETURNING in DML queries\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-22T09:38:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-22T09:40:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/postgresql-18-add-old-new-support-to-returning-in-dml-queries\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":168,\"commentCount\":2,\"keywords\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Database Administration &amp; 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &amp;\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). 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