{"id":36383,"date":"2024-12-20T07:22:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T06:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=36383"},"modified":"2024-12-20T07:22:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T06:22:10","slug":"freebsd-basics-8-running-linux-containers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/freebsd-basics-8-running-linux-containers\/","title":{"rendered":"FreeBSD basics \u2013 8 \u2013 Running Linux Containers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When people talk about containers in FreeBSD, they usually talk about Jails. We&#8217;ve already seen how this works in general <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/freebsd-basics-4-jails\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/freebsd-basics-5-providing-services-using-jails\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>. An additional option you have, is to install <a href=\"https:\/\/podman.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Podman<\/a> on FreeBSD. Podman is well known in the Linux world and can be used to build and run containers. With the release of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freebsd.org\/releases\/14.2R\/relnotes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FreeBSD 14.2<\/a>, the FreeBSD project is now also publishing <a href=\"https:\/\/cgit.freebsd.org\/src\/commit\/?id=8a688fcc242e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OCI-compatible container images of FreeBSD<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We again start with a fresh installation of FreeBSD 14.2, nothing was added or modified. Podman, as with most of the additional software, can either be installed as a binary package or from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/freebsd-basics-6-the-ports-collection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ports collection<\/a>. If you want to install from the ports collection you can find Podman here:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ find \/usr\/ports\/ -name &quot;*podman*&quot; \n\/usr\/ports\/sysutils\/podman\n\/usr\/ports\/sysutils\/podman\/files\/podman_service.in\n\/usr\/ports\/sysutils\/podman\/files\/podman.in\n\/usr\/ports\/sysutils\/podman-suite\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As it is faster to install from binary packages, we&#8217;ll do it like this for the scope of this post:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,3,14,23]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ pkg update\nThe package management tool is not yet installed on your system.\nDo you want to fetch and install it now? &#x5B;y\/N]: y\nBootstrapping pkg from pkg+https:\/\/pkg.FreeBSD.org\/FreeBSD:14:amd64\/quarterly, please wait...\nVerifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done\nInstalling pkg-1.21.3...\nExtracting pkg-1.21.3: 100%\nUpdating FreeBSD repository catalogue...\nFetching meta.conf: 100%    178 B   0.2kB\/s    00:01    \nFetching data.pkg: 100%    7 MiB   7.5MB\/s    00:01    \nProcessing entries: 100%\nFreeBSD repository update completed. 35568 packages processed.\nAll repositories are up to date.\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ pkg upgrade\nUpdating FreeBSD repository catalogue...\nFreeBSD repository is up to date.\nAll repositories are up to date.\nUpdating database digests format: 100%\nChecking for upgrades (1 candidates): 100%\nProcessing candidates (1 candidates): 100%\nChecking integrity... done (0 conflicting)\nYour packages are up to date.\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ pkg install podman\nUpdating FreeBSD repository catalogue...\nFreeBSD repository is up to date.\nAll repositories are up to date.\nThe following 33 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):\n\nNew packages to be INSTALLED:\n        conmon: 2.1.12_3\n        containernetworking-plugins: 0.5_9\n        containers-common: 0.59.1\n        gettext-runtime: 0.22.5\n...\n--\nThe FreeBSD port of the Podman container engine is experimental and should be\nused for evaluation and testing purposes only.\n\n$ sudo podman run --rm docker.io\/dougrabson\/hello\n\nPodman can restart containers after a host is rebooted. To enable this, use:\n\n$ sudo sysrc podman_enable=YES\n\nand start the container with a restart policy:\n\n$ sudo podman run -d --restart=always myimage\n\nIt is possible to run many Linux container images using FreeBSD&#039;s Linux emulation:\n\n$ sudo sysrc linux_enable=YES\n$ sudo service linux start\n$ sudo podman run --rm --os=linux alpine cat \/etc\/os-release | head -1\nNAME=&quot;Alpine Linux&quot;\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The package gives you quite some information at the end of the installation process. First of all, this is not yet considered production ready and should be used for testing only. Second, you will need to enable Podman and the Linux compatibility layer:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,3,5]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ sysrc podman_enable=YES\npodman_enable:  -&gt; YES\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ sysrc linux_enable=YES\nlinux_enable: NO -&gt; YES\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ service linux start\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want the containers to restart automatically, you should also mount the <a href=\"https:\/\/man.freebsd.org\/cgi\/man.cgi?query=fdescfs&amp;sektion=5&amp;n=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fdescfs<\/a> file system:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ mount -t fdescfs fdesc \/dev\/fd\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ df -h | grep fd\nfdescfs               1.0K      0B    1.0K     0%    \/compat\/linux\/dev\/fd\nfdescfs               1.0K      0B    1.0K     0%    \/dev\/fd\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you try to search for container images using Podman, you&#8217;ll notice that there is no result:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ podman search rockylinux\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reason is, that no container registries are defined, but this can easily be fixed by adding a registry to &#8220;\/usr\/local\/etc\/containers\/registries.conf&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ tail -1 \/usr\/local\/etc\/containers\/registries.conf\nunqualified-search-registries = &#x5B;&#039;docker.io&#039;]\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once this is configured, you can search the registry for container images:<br><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ podman search rockylinux\nNAME                                   DESCRIPTION\ndocker.io\/rockylinux\/rockylinux        \ndocker.io\/library\/rockylinux           The official build of Rocky Linux.\ndocker.io\/rockylinux\/rocky-toolbox     Toolbox image for Rocky Linux - https:\/\/gith...\ndocker.io\/rockylinux\/rockylinux-shim   RockyLinux shim-review images\ndocker.io\/amd64\/rockylinux             The official build of Rocky Linux.\ndocker.io\/litmusimage\/rockylinux       \ndocker.io\/arm64v8\/rockylinux           The official build of Rocky Linux.\ndocker.io\/ericpaulsen\/rockylinux       \ndocker.io\/romcheck\/rockylinux          \ndocker.io\/robertdebock\/rockylinux      Container to test Ansible roles in, includin...\ndocker.io\/lightnear\/rockylinux         \ndocker.io\/accupara\/rockylinux          \ndocker.io\/detravi\/rockylinux           \ndocker.io\/ppc64le\/rockylinux           The official build of Rocky Linux.\ndocker.io\/aursu\/rockylinux             \ndocker.io\/s390x\/rockylinux             The official build of Rocky Linux.\ndocker.io\/uacontainers\/rockylinux      Up-to-date Rocky Linux Docker images with th...\ndocker.io\/buluma\/rockylinux            \ndocker.io\/gammabytehosting\/rockylinux  Rocky Linux minimal image.\ndocker.io\/whatwewant\/rockylinux        \ndocker.io\/kubestation\/rockylinux       \ndocker.io\/4geniac\/rockylinux           \ndocker.io\/jeksterslab\/rockylinux       \ndocker.io\/ihanick\/rockylinux           \ndocker.io\/douglarek\/rockylinux         \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Running a container is exactly the same as you know it from Linux:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ podman run -it --rm --platform linux\/amd64 rockylinux\/rockylinux:9 \/bin\/bash\nResolving &quot;rockylinux\/rockylinux&quot; using unqualified-search registries (\/usr\/local\/etc\/containers\/registries.conf)\nTrying to pull docker.io\/rockylinux\/rockylinux:9...\nGetting image source signatures\nCopying blob 3442e16c7069 done   | \nCopying config bb8a97547d done   | \nWriting manifest to image destination\nWARN&#x5B;0009] Failed to load cached network config: network podman not found in CNI cache, falling back to loading network podman from disk \nWARN&#x5B;0009] Failed to load cached network config: network podman not found in CNI cache, falling back to loading network podman from disk \nError: plugin type=&quot;bridge&quot; failed (add): cni plugin bridge failed: The pf kernel module must be loaded to support ipMasq networks\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8230; and this fails because we forgot to configure the container networking. There actually are instructions how to do this in the output of the Podman package installation:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nMessage from containernetworking-plugins-0.5_9:\n\n--\nContainer networking relies on NAT to allow container network packets\nout to the host&#039;s network. This requires a PF firewall to perform the\ntranslation. A simple example is included - to use it:\n\n# cp \/usr\/local\/etc\/containers\/pf.conf.sample \/etc\/pf.conf\n...\nEdit \/etc\/pf.conf and set v4egress_if, v6egress_if to your network interface(s)\n...\n# sysrc pf_enable=YES\n# service pf start\n\nThe sample PF configuration includes support for port redirections. These are\nimplemented as redirect rules in anchors nested under cni-rdr.\n\nSupport for redirecting connections from the container host to services running\ninside a container is included for FreeBSD 13.3 and later. To enable this, first\nload the pf kernel module, by adding pf_load=&quot;YES&quot; to \/boot\/loader.conf and\nenable PF support for these redirections using sysctl:\n\n# kldload pf\n# sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1\n# service pf restart\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once this is done, all is fine:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nroot@freebsd14-latest:~ $ podman run -it --rm --platform linux\/amd64 rockylinux\/rockylinux:9 \/bin\/bash\n&#x5B;root@71ef409c1d40 \/]$ cat \/etc\/os-release \nNAME=&quot;Rocky Linux&quot;\nVERSION=&quot;9.5 (Blue Onyx)&quot;\nID=&quot;rocky&quot;\nID_LIKE=&quot;rhel centos fedora&quot;\nVERSION_ID=&quot;9.5&quot;\nPLATFORM_ID=&quot;platform:el9&quot;\nPRETTY_NAME=&quot;Rocky Linux 9.5 (Blue Onyx)&quot;\nANSI_COLOR=&quot;0;32&quot;\nLOGO=&quot;fedora-logo-icon&quot;\nCPE_NAME=&quot;cpe:\/o:rocky:rocky:9::baseos&quot;\nHOME_URL=&quot;https:\/\/rockylinux.org\/&quot;\nVENDOR_NAME=&quot;RESF&quot;\nVENDOR_URL=&quot;https:\/\/resf.org\/&quot;\nBUG_REPORT_URL=&quot;https:\/\/bugs.rockylinux.org\/&quot;\nSUPPORT_END=&quot;2032-05-31&quot;\nROCKY_SUPPORT_PRODUCT=&quot;Rocky-Linux-9&quot;\nROCKY_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=&quot;9.5&quot;\nREDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT=&quot;Rocky Linux&quot;\nREDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=&quot;9.5&quot;\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quite impressive and easy to setup. You might wonder if running Linux containers on FreeBSD actually is a thing. Personally, I think that this is really great, because it gives you another option in the FreeBSD world. Containers are everywhere today, and having more choice where to run them is great.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When people talk about containers in FreeBSD, they usually talk about Jails. We&#8217;ve already seen how this works in general here and here. An additional option you have, is to install Podman on FreeBSD. Podman is well known in the Linux world and can be used to build and run containers. With the release of&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[2718,2256,46],"class_list":["post-36383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-operating-systems","tag-bsd","tag-freebsd","tag-linux-unix"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>FreeBSD basics \u2013 8 \u2013 Running Linux Containers - dbi services | Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/freebsd-basics-8-running-linux-containers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FreeBSD basics \u2013 8 \u2013 Running Linux Containers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When people talk about containers in FreeBSD, they usually talk about Jails. 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