{"id":34292,"date":"2024-08-15T10:56:06","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T08:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=34292"},"modified":"2024-08-15T10:56:06","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T08:56:06","slug":"setting-up-mariadb-galera-cluster","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-mariadb-galera-cluster\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting up MariaDB Galera Cluster"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this blog I will show you how you can setup a basic MariaDB Galera Cluster on Debian 11 (bullseye).<br>If you wish to have a more general overview first you can have a look here: <a href=\"https:\/\/mariadb.com\/kb\/en\/what-is-mariadb-galera-cluster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/mariadb.com\/kb\/en\/what-is-mariadb-galera-cluster\/<\/a> <br>For this we have 3 servers: galera-cluster-1a\/b\/c. The following steps will first be executed on my first node, galera-cluster-1a still these steps have to executed on the other nodes as well to build the whole cluster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-1-installation\">Step 1: Installation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First the servers will be prepared for the installation. This includes different packages to be installed and ports to be opened.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo apt update\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo apt-get install ufw\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo ufw enable\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo ufw allow 3306\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo ufw allow 4444\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo ufw allow 4567\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo ufw allow 4568\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo ufw allow 22\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Installing MariaDB 11.3.2 and other packages<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo apt-get install libsnmp-perl -y\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo curl -LsS -O https:\/\/downloads.mariadb.com\/MariaDB\/mariadb_repo_setup\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo bash mariadb_repo_setup --os-type=debian --os-version=bullseye --mariadb-server-version=11.3.2\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo wget http:\/\/ftp.us.debian.org\/debian\/pool\/main\/r\/readline5\/libreadline5_5.2+dfsg-3+b13_amd64.deb\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo dpkg -i libreadline5_5.2+dfsg-3+b13_amd64.deb\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo apt-get update\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb\nsudo apt-get install percona-toolkit -y\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now you can login to MariaDB and check the version<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ mariadb\nWelcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.\nYour MariaDB connection id is 32\nServer version: 11.3.2-MariaDB-1:11.3.2+maria~deb11 mariadb.org binary distribution\nCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.\nType &#039;help;&#039; or &#039;\\h&#039; for help. Type &#039;\\c&#039; to clear the current input statement.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the final touch for the basic installation of MariaDB we are going to secure it. Answering yes to all the changes it proposes.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ sudo mariadb-secure-installation \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-2-configuring-mariadb-server\">Step 2: Configuring MariaDB server<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We recommend creating a dedicated backup user for mariabackup like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ mariadb\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; create user &#039;mariabackup&#039;@&#039;%&#039; identified by &#039;XXX&#039;;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; GRANT RELOAD, PROCESS, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &#039;mariabackup&#039;@&#039;%&#039;;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; create user &#039;mariabackup&#039;@&#039;localhost&#039; identified by &#039;XXX&#039;;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; GRANT RELOAD, PROCESS, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &#039;mariabackup&#039;@&#039;localhost&#039;;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; flush privileges;\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; exit\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creating a dedicated directory for logs.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nsudo mkdir \/var\/log\/mariadb\nsudo chown mysql:mysql \/var\/log\/mariadb \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the \/etc\/mysql\/mariadb.conf.d\/50-server.cnf file we add the following options at the end to the [mariadb-11.3] section.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n# This group is only read by MariaDB-11.3 servers.\n# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,\n# use this group for options that older servers don&#039;t understand\n&#x5B;mariadb-11.3]\nlog_warnings=2\nlog_error=\/var\/log\/mysql\/mariadb.err\ngeneral_log = 1\ngeneral_log_file = \/var\/log\/mysql\/mariadb.log\n\n&#x5B;mysqldump]\nuser=dump\npassword=XXX\nmax_allowed_packet = 512M\n\n&#x5B;mariabackup]\nuser=mariabackup\npassword=XXX\ndatabases-exclude=lost+found\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to use mariabackup for backups and replication you will have to create the user and add the last section [mariabackup]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-3-configuring-galera-cluster\">Step 3: Configuring Galera Cluster<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Change the galera config file to the following. It is also possible to use the IPs instead of hostnames.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ cat \/etc\/mysql\/mariadb.conf.d\/60-galera.cnf\n&#x5B;galera]\n# Mandatory settings\nwsrep_on = ON\nwsrep_cluster_name = MariaDB Galera Cluster\nwsrep_cluster_address = gcomm:\/\/galera-cluster-1a,galera-cluster-1b,galera-cluster-1c\nwsrep_provider = \/usr\/lib\/galera\/libgalera_smm.so\nbinlog_format = row\ndefault_storage_engine = InnoDB\ninnodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2\n# Allow server to accept connections on all interfaces.\nbind-address = 0.0.0.0\n\n# Optional settings\nwsrep_slave_threads = 1\ninnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0\nwsrep_sst_auth = mariabackup:manager\nwsrep_sst_method=mariabackup\nwsrep_node_address=galera-cluster-1a\nwsrep_sst_receive_address= galera-cluster-1a\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-4-bootstrapping-galera-cluster\">Step 4: Bootstrapping Galera Cluster<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now everything is ready and we can start the MariaDB Server in cluster mode.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$  sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$  sudo galera_new_cluster\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lets check if the one node cluster has successfully started. The start position on the very first start should look like the following<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ ps -f -u mysql\nUID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD\nmysql     2081     1  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 \/usr\/sbin\/mariadbd --wsrep-new-cluster --wsrep_start_position= 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1 \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Login to your instance and check the cluster size<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ mariadb\n\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; show global status like &#039;wsrep_cluster_size&#039;;\n+--------------------+-------+\n| Variable_name      | Value |\n+--------------------+-------+\n| wsrep_cluster_size | 1     |\n+--------------------+-------+\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; quit\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-5-setting-up-the-other-servers\">Step 5: Setting up the other servers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Repeat steps 1-3 on the other two nodes but you do not have to bootstrap these nodes.<br>Simply restart the mariadb.service at the end for them to sync with the cluster. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1b:~$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service\ngalera-cluster-1c:~$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afterwards you can check the cluster size again.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ngalera-cluster-1a:~$ mariadb\nMariaDB &#x5B;(none)]&amp;gt; show global status like &#039;wsrep_cluster_size&#039;;\n+--------------------+-------+\n| Variable_name      | Value |\n+--------------------+-------+\n| wsrep_cluster_size | 3     |\n+--------------------+-------+\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check out this blog about using mariabackup to repair your replication: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/mariadb-repair-replication-through-db-restore-mariabackup\/\">https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/mariadb-repair-replication-through-db-restore-mariabackup\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this blog I will show you how you can setup a basic MariaDB Galera Cluster on Debian 11 (bullseye).If you wish to have a more general overview first you can have a look here: https:\/\/mariadb.com\/kb\/en\/what-is-mariadb-galera-cluster\/ For this we have 3 servers: galera-cluster-1a\/b\/c. The following steps will first be executed on my first node, galera-cluster-1a&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1726],"tags":[812],"class_list":["post-34292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mariadb","tag-setup"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Setting up MariaDB Galera Cluster - dbi services | Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to setup a MariaDB Galera Cluster on Debian 11. 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