{"id":33833,"date":"2024-07-02T19:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=33833"},"modified":"2024-07-02T13:35:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T11:35:45","slug":"cleanup-audit-trail-the-full-picture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/cleanup-audit-trail-the-full-picture\/","title":{"rendered":"Cleanup Audit Trail &#8211; the Full Picture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Oracle Database 23ai introduces several enhancements to unified auditing, focused on flexibility, and effectiveness. Some of the new key features are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Desupport of Traditional Auditing<\/strong>: Traditional auditing is desupported in Oracle 23ai, which means all auditing must now be done using unified auditing. Unified auditing consolidates audit records into a single, secure trail and supports conditional policies for selective auditing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Column-Level Audit Policies<\/strong>: One of the most notable features is the ability to create audit policies on individual columns of tables and views. This granularity control allows organizations to focus their audit efforts on the most sensitive data elements, reducing the volume of audit data and enhancing security by targeting specific actions like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE on specified columns\u200b. It can be implemented like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>conn \/ as sysdba\nnoaudit policy test_audit_policy;\ndrop audit policy test_audit_policy;\ncreate audit policy test_audit_policy\n\tactions update(col1, col2) on userx.audit_test_tab,\n\tselect(col2) on userx.audit_test_tab\n\tcontainer = current;\naudit policy test_audit_policy;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Enhanced Integration with IAM and Cloud Services<\/strong>: Oracle 23ai includes improved authentication and authorization capabilities for IAM users, supporting Azure AD OAuth2 tokens and allowing seamless integration with Oracle Autonomous Database on Dedicated Exadata Infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>New Cryptographic Algorithms and Security Enhancements<\/strong>: The release includes support for new cryptographic algorithms such as SM2, SM3, SM4, and SHA-3, along with enhancements to the <code>DBMS_CRYPTO<\/code> package and <code>orapki<\/code> utility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Consolidation of FIPS 140 Parameter<\/strong>: Oracle 23c introduces a unified <code>FIPS_140<\/code> parameter for configuring FIPS across various database environments, including Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) and network encryption, streamlining the compliance process and improving security management\u200b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cleanup-of-audit-trail\"><strong>Cleanup of audit trail<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Also for the reason that unified audit is now standard, I would like to summarize the management and cleanup of the audit trail in detail here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First of all you should check the size of the existing audit tables (AUD$ and FGA_LOG$), create a new audit-tablespace for the audit tables:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>set lin 999\nset pages 999\ncol tablespace_name for a30\ncol segment_name for a30\ncol owner for a20\nselect owner, segment_name, tablespace_name, bytes\/1024\/1024 MB \nfrom dba_segments \nwhere segment_name in ('AUD$', 'FGA_LOG$');\n-- create audit tablespace\ncreate tablespace audit_ts;\nselect file_name, file_id, tablespace_name, autoextensible, maxbytes\/1024\/1024\/1024 GB \nfrom dba_data_files \nwhere tablespace_name like 'AUD$';\n-- alter database datafile \u2026 autoextend on next 100M maxsize 1G;\n-- eventually create an audit history table for further use\ncreate table AUD_HIST tablespace audit_ts as select * from AUD$;\n-- truncate table sys.aud$;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you can move the audit tables from sysaux to the audit-tablespace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>--move AUD$\nBEGIN\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION(\naudit_trail_type =&gt; DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,\naudit_trail_location_value =&gt; 'AUDIT_TS');\nEND;\n\/\n--move FGA_LOG$\nBEGIN\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION(\naudit_trail_type =&gt; DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_FGA_STD,\naudit_trail_location_value =&gt; 'AUDIT_TS');\nEND;\n\/\n--moving additional audit tables\nalter table FGACOL$ move tablespace AUDIT_TS;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Short check of audit-parameters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- check audit parameters\ncol parameter_name for a30\ncol parameter_value for a20\ncol audit_trail for a20\nshow parameter audit\nSELECT * FROM dba_audit_mgmt_config_params;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Before starting any cleanup you should be sure that no old jobs exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- deinit all purge jobs\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.deinit_cleanup( dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_all );\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.deinit_cleanup( dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_os );\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.deinit_cleanup( dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_xml );\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.deinit_cleanup( dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_aud_std );\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.deinit_cleanup( dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_fga_std )\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you can set up an audit-management, e.g. every 24 hours, which purges audit-entries older than 7 months:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- init cleanup for 24 hours\nexec DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.INIT_CLEANUP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_all, 24 );\n-- set retention (last_archive_timestamp, sysdate -210 days) =7 months\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.set_last_archive_timestamp( dbms_audit_mgmt.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD, to_timestamp(sysdate-210));\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.set_last_archive_timestamp( dbms_audit_mgmt.AUDIT_TRAIL_FGA_STD, to_timestamp(sysdate-210));\nexec DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_unified, sysdate-210);\n-- 1 means RAC-node 1\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.set_last_archive_timestamp( dbms_audit_mgmt.AUDIT_TRAIL_OS, to_timestamp(sysdate-210), 1);\nexec dbms_audit_mgmt.set_last_archive_timestamp( dbms_audit_mgmt.AUDIT_TRAIL_XML, to_timestamp(sysdate-210), 1);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Short check of parameter settings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- getting parameters\nCOLUMN parameter_name FORMAT A30\nCOLUMN parameter_value FORMAT A20\nCOLUMN audit_trail FORMAT A20\ncol days_back  for 9999  head \"days|back\"\nselect audit_trail, rac_instance, last_archive_ts, extract(day from(systimestamp-last_archive_ts))days_back from DBA_AUDIT_MGMT_LAST_ARCH_TS;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now you can set up and initiate the purge-jobs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- creating purge job for all audit trails\nBEGIN \ndbms_audit_mgmt.create_purge_job(\naudit_trail_type =&gt; dbms_audit_mgmt.audit_trail_all,\naudit_trail_purge_interval =&gt; 24  \/* hours *\/,\naudit_trail_purge_name =&gt; 'DAILY_AUDIT_PURGE',\nuse_last_arch_timestamp =&gt; TRUE);\nEND;\n\/\n-- create job for automatic updating last_archive_timestamp\ncreate or replace procedure AUDIT_UPDATE_RETENTION( m_purge_retention  IN  number  DEFAULT 210\n) AS\nBEGIN\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_FGA_STD, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_OS, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention), 1);\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_XML, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention), 1);\nEND;\n\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can test it now:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- test run\nexec audit_update_retention(210);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we invoke the new job, we get sure that no old bodies are left:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- drop job if exists\nset serveroutput on\nbegin\ndbms_scheduler.drop_job(job_name =&gt; 'DAILY_AUDIT_UPDATE_RETENTION');\nend;\n\/\n-- create job for last_archive_timestamp\nset serveroutput on\ndeclare\nm_purge_retention number DEFAULT 210;\nex_job_doesnt_exist EXCEPTION;\nPRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(ex_job_doesnt_exist, -27475);\nbegin\n--dbms_scheduler.drop_job(job_name =&gt; 'DAILY_AUDIT_UPDATE_RETENTION');\n--dbms_output.put_line(chr(13)||'= 60;\nDBMS_SCHEDULER.create_job (\njob_name =&gt; 'DAILY_AUDIT_UPDATE_RETENTION',\njob_type =&gt; 'PLSQL_BLOCK',\njob_action =&gt; 'BEGIN\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_FGA_STD, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention));\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_OS, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention), 1);\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP( DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_XML, TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE-m_purge_retention), 1);\nEND;', \nstart_date =&gt; SYSTIMESTAMP, \nrepeat_interval =&gt; 'freq=daily; byhour=0; byminute=0; bysecond=0;', \nend_date =&gt; NULL, \nenabled =&gt; TRUE, \nauto_drop =&gt; FALSE, \ncomments =&gt; 'every day, update last_archive_timestamp (which DAILY_AUDIT_PURGE uses) to '||m_purge_retention||' days back.'\n);\n--Exception\n--when ex_must_be_declared then\n--dbms_output.put_line('DAILY_AUDIT_UPDATE_RETENTION: component missing?'||chr(13));\nEND;\n\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>An other option would be to start the jon manually or to purge the audit-trail on demand:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- manual start of purge jobs\nselect distinct job_name, owner from dba_scheduler_jobs;\nexec dbms_scheduler.run_job('DAILY_AUDIT_UPDATE_RETENTION',use_current_session=&gt;false);\nexec dbms_scheduler.run_job('audsys.DAILY_AUDIT_PURGE',use_current_session=&gt;false);\n-- other options\nexec DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.FLUSH_UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL;\n-- or\nbegin\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.FLUSH_UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL;\nfor i in 1..10 loop\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.TRANSFER_UNIFIED_AUDIT_RECORDS;\nend loop;\nend;\n\/\nbegin\nDBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL(\naudit_trail_type =&gt; DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED,\nuse_last_arch_timestamp =&gt; FALSE);\nend;\n\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sources-links-and-related-blogs\">Sources, links and related blogs:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.oracle.com\/knowledge\/Oracle%20Database%20Products\/2904294_1.html\">https:\/\/support.oracle.com\/knowledge\/Oracle%20Database%20Products\/2904294_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/en\/database\/oracle\/oracle-database\/19\/sqlrf\/AUDIT-Unified-Auditing.html\">https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/en\/database\/oracle\/oracle-database\/19\/sqlrf\/AUDIT-Unified-Auditing.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oracle-base.com\/articles\/23\/auditing-enhancements-23\">https:\/\/oracle-base.com\/articles\/23\/auditing-enhancements-23<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-dbi-blog wp-block-embed-dbi-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"X5dWIytpr2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/purging-unified-audit-trail-in-12cr2\/\">Purging Unified Audit Trail in 12cR2<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Purging Unified Audit Trail in 12cR2&#8221; &#8212; dbi Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/purging-unified-audit-trail-in-12cr2\/embed\/#?secret=sKzMAbliRo#?secret=X5dWIytpr2\" data-secret=\"X5dWIytpr2\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-dbi-blog wp-block-embed-dbi-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"3NmvxFyHE0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/from-oracle-standard-auditing-to-oracle-unified-auditing\/\">From Oracle Standard Auditing to Oracle Unified Auditing<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;From Oracle Standard Auditing to Oracle Unified Auditing&#8221; &#8212; dbi Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/from-oracle-standard-auditing-to-oracle-unified-auditing\/embed\/#?secret=AQSsnN5rAM#?secret=3NmvxFyHE0\" data-secret=\"3NmvxFyHE0\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-dbi-blog wp-block-embed-dbi-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"DfYuHM0vIv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/upgrade-to-oracle-19c-performance-issue\/\">Upgrade to Oracle 19c &#8211; performance issue<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Upgrade to Oracle 19c &#8211; performance issue&#8221; &#8212; dbi Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/upgrade-to-oracle-19c-performance-issue\/embed\/#?secret=18qEZivpot#?secret=DfYuHM0vIv\" data-secret=\"DfYuHM0vIv\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oracle Database 23ai introduces several enhancements to unified auditing, focused on flexibility, and effectiveness. Some of the new key features are: Desupport of Traditional Auditing: Traditional auditing is desupported in Oracle 23ai, which means all auditing must now be done using unified auditing. Unified auditing consolidates audit records into a single, secure trail and supports [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198,59],"tags":[275,667,96,2233],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-33833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","category-oracle","tag-aud","tag-audit","tag-oracle","tag-unified-auditing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cleanup Audit Trail - the Full Picture - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/cleanup-audit-trail-the-full-picture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cleanup Audit Trail - the Full Picture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Oracle Database 23ai introduces several enhancements to unified auditing, focused on flexibility, and effectiveness. Some of the new key features are: Desupport of Traditional Auditing: Traditional auditing is desupported in Oracle 23ai, which means all auditing must now be done using unified auditing. 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