{"id":33334,"date":"2024-05-29T16:54:08","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T14:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=33334"},"modified":"2025-01-24T10:40:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T09:40:30","slug":"simulate-transparent-tablespace-encryption-tde-on-oracle-standard-edition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/simulate-transparent-tablespace-encryption-tde-on-oracle-standard-edition\/","title":{"rendered":"Simulate (Transparent Tablespace Encryption) TDE on Oracle Standard Edition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>by Alexandre Nestor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-introduction\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Oracle database Standard Edition do not have the Transparent Tablespace Encryption (TDE) feature which is a part of ASO (Advanced Security), and ASO is availabale only on Entreprise Edition version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But encryption can still be used, with a little developpement effort.$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-test-platform\">The test platform<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I have an Oracle 19c SE2 version with one pdb (PDB11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I will create a schema named <code>safe<\/code>, which will contains the encript\/decrypt function and th key to be used to encrypt and decrypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also the safe schema will contain a secret table with encrypted data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the database I will create an user <code>scott<\/code>, with minimal rights (only create session) which can read encrypted data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s build the environnement: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Connect on the <code>pdb11<\/code> as <code>sysdba<\/code> and create the <code>safe<\/code> tablespace, and user <code>safe<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt; alter session set container=pdb11;\n\nSession altered.\n\nSQL&gt; create tablespace safe;\n\nTablespace created.\n\nSQL&gt; create user safe identified by tiger default tablespace safe;\n\nUser created.\n\nSQL&gt;  grant create session to safe;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n\nSQL&gt; alter user safe quota unlimited on safe;\n\nUser altered.\n\nSQL&gt;  grant resource to safe;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n\nSQL&gt; grant create view to safe;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>User safe need to have execution rights on <code>dbms_crypto<\/code> package<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt;  grant execute on dbms_crypto to safe;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>From now on we are going to do all commands as <code>safe<\/code> user. Connect as user <code>safe<\/code> to the <code>PDB11<\/code>. and create the <code>secret_keys<\/code> table to hold all needed keys for decrypt.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n&#x5B;CDB01]&#x5B;oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus safe\/tiger@db.sub05191447261.vcn01.oraclevcn.com:1521\/pdb11\n\nSQL&gt; create table secret_keys(key_bytes_raw RAW (32), iv_raw RAW (16));\n\nTable created.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Insert random keys in the secret_keys table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do not loose, or change these key. Your data will be lost.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt; insert into secret_keys(key_bytes_raw,iv_raw) values(DBMS_CRYPTO.RANDOMBYTES(256\/8),DBMS_CRYPTO.RANDOMBYTES(16));\n\n1 row created.\n\nSQL&gt; commit;\n\nCommit complete.\n\nSQL&gt; select * from secret_keys;\n\nKEY_BYTES_RAW\n----------------------------------------------------------------\nIV_RAW\n--------------------------------\nCCF9303B9AE706AC6212F9672FF8720113EC75D7C5FFAC267E42128AC40A33FA\nA39F34AB9705CE91A6E6B4E592B32E28\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Create the <code>encrypt<\/code> and <code>decrypt<\/code> functions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION encr(input_string in VARCHAR2)\nRETURN RAW\n  IS \n    encryption_type    PLS_INTEGER := DBMS_CRYPTO.ENCRYPT_AES256\n                       + DBMS_CRYPTO.CHAIN_CBC\n                       + DBMS_CRYPTO.PAD_PKCS5;\n    iv_raw             RAW (16);\n    encrypted_raw      RAW (2000);\n    key_bytes_raw      RAW (32);\n    BEGIN\n    --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ( &#039;Original string: &#039; || input_string);\n    select key_bytes_raw,iv_raw into key_bytes_raw,iv_raw FROM secret_keys;\n    encrypted_raw := DBMS_CRYPTO.ENCRYPT(\n       src =&gt; UTL_I18N.STRING_TO_RAW (input_string,  &#039;AL32UTF8&#039;),\n       typ =&gt; encryption_type,\n       key =&gt; key_bytes_raw,\n       iv  =&gt; iv_raw\n    );\n    --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ( &#039;Encrypted raw: &#039; || encrypted_raw);\n    return encrypted_raw;\n  END encr;\n\/\n\nFunction created.\n\n\nSQL&gt; CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION decr(encrypted_raw in RAW) \nreturn varchar2\nIS \n  encryption_type    PLS_INTEGER := DBMS_CRYPTO.ENCRYPT_AES256\n                 + DBMS_CRYPTO.CHAIN_CBC\n                 + DBMS_CRYPTO.PAD_PKCS5;\n  iv_raw             RAW (16);\n  key_bytes_raw      RAW (32);\n  decrypted_raw      RAW (2000);\nBEGIN\n  select key_bytes_raw,iv_raw into key_bytes_raw,iv_raw FROM secret_keys;\n  decrypted_raw := DBMS_CRYPTO.DECRYPT(\n    src =&gt; encrypted_raw,\n    typ =&gt; encryption_type,\n    key =&gt; key_bytes_raw,\n    iv  =&gt; iv_raw\n  );\n  return UTL_I18N.RAW_TO_CHAR (decrypted_raw, &#039;AL32UTF8&#039;);\nEND decr;\n\/\n\nFunction created.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Test how these fonctions work:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n-- encypt\nSQL&gt; select encr(&#039;Hello&#039;) from dual;\n\nENCR(&#039;HELLO&#039;)\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n75388B4D940B559DD1A5D5BCA753101B\n\n--decrypt\nSQL&gt; select decr(&#039;75388B4D940B559DD1A5D5BCA753101B&#039;) from dual;\n\nDECR(&#039;75388B4D940B559DD1A5D5BCA753101B&#039;)\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nHello\n\n--encrypt\/decrypt\nSQL&gt; select decr(encr(&#039;Hello&#039;)) from dual;\n\nDECR(ENCR(&#039;HELLO&#039;))\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nHello\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>On the schema <code>safe<\/code> create the table that need to be protected, let&#8217;s call it, <code>secret_emp<\/code>, and insert an encrypted string.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt; create table secret_emp(name_encrypted RAW(2000));\n\nTable created.\n\nSQL&gt; insert into secret_emp(name_encrypted) values(encr(&#039;Obama&#039;));\n\n1 row created.\n\nSQL&gt; commit;\n\nCommit complete.\n\nSQL&gt; select * from secret_emp;\n\nNAME_ENCRYPTED\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n9115E6FD54D676DB043CD0D1BF982027\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Finally we create a view on this table named <code>authorized_read_emp<\/code>. On this view authorised users will select to get the decrypted data.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt; create view authorized_read_emp as select decr(name_encrypted) name_decrypted from secret_emp;\n\nView created.\n\nSQL&gt; select * from authorized_read_emp;\n\nNAME_DECRYPTED\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nObama\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Now we are going to create an user which has the rights to read the plan text data. For this user the encryption is transparent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Connect as <code>sysdba<\/code> to the <code>pdb11<\/code> and create an user <code>scott<\/code>. This user is allowed to read the data from <code>authorized_read_emp <\/code>view.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nSQL&gt; create user scott identified by tiger;\n\nUser created.\n\nSQL&gt; grant create session to scott;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>And finally as safe user, give the rights to user <code>scott<\/code> to read the view:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n&#x5B;CDB01]&#x5B;oracle@db ~]$  sqlplus safe\/tiger@db.sub05191447261.vcn01.oraclevcn.com:1521\/pdb11\n\nSQL&gt; grant select on authorized_read_emp to scott;\n\nGrant succeeded.\n\nSQL&gt; exit; \n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Back to user scott, let&#8217;s try to read the plan text data: <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n&#x5B;CDB01]&#x5B;oracle@db ~]$  sqlplus scott\/tigger@db.sub05191447261.vcn01.oraclevcn.com:1521\/pdb11\n\nSQL&gt; select * from safe.authorized_read_emp;\n\nNAME_DECRYPTED\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nObama\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ok is not really like the TDE implementation, and maybe a better implementation could be done. But the main points are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Schema &#8216;<code>safe<\/code>&#8216; contains only encrypted data. If someone stole the storage disks from the datacenter it cannot have access to tha data as it is stored encrypted. This is one of the main goal of TDE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Schema &#8216;<code>safe<\/code>&#8216; contains also the keys needed to decrypt the data. This is a limitation. The keys to decrypt data can be stored outside the database to increase the security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The user &#8216;<code>scott<\/code>&#8216; can access the data in a transparent mode as the data is decrypted on the fly. No data in plain is stored in the database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The user &#8216;<code>scott<\/code>&#8216; has only the rights to connect and to read the data which is decrypted on the fly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Alexandre Nestor Introduction The Oracle database Standard Edition do not have the Transparent Tablespace Encryption (TDE) feature which is a part of ASO (Advanced Security), and ASO is availabale only on Entreprise Edition version. But encryption can still be used, with a little developpement effort.$ The test platform I have an Oracle 19c SE2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198,59,149],"tags":[96,3208,2856,2564],"type_dbi":[2728],"class_list":["post-33334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","category-oracle","category-security","tag-oracle","tag-oracle-se2","tag-oracle-tde","tag-security-3","type-oracle"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Simulate (Transparent Tablespace Encryption) TDE on Oracle Standard Edition - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/simulate-transparent-tablespace-encryption-tde-on-oracle-standard-edition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Simulate (Transparent Tablespace Encryption) TDE on Oracle Standard Edition\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Alexandre Nestor Introduction The Oracle database Standard Edition do not have the Transparent Tablespace Encryption (TDE) feature which is a part of ASO (Advanced Security), and ASO is availabale only on Entreprise Edition version. 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