{"id":32657,"date":"2024-04-18T18:57:10","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T16:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=32657"},"modified":"2024-04-18T18:57:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T16:57:14","slug":"another-file-system-for-linux-bcachefs-2-multi-device-file-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/another-file-system-for-linux-bcachefs-2-multi-device-file-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Another file system for Linux: bcachefs (2) \u2013 multi device file systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/another-file-system-for-linux-bcachefs-1-basics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">last post<\/a>, we&#8217;ve looked at the very basics when it comes to bcachefs, a new file system which was added to the Linux kernel starting from version 6.7. While we&#8217;ve already seen how easy it is to create a new file system using a single device, encrypt and\/or compress it and that check summing of meta data and user data is enabled by default, there is much more you can do with bcachefs. In this post we&#8217;ll look at how you can work with a file system that spans multiple devices, which is quite common in today&#8217;s infrastructures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we looked at the devices available to the system in the last post, it looked like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ lsblk | grep -w &quot;4G&quot;\n\u2514\u2500vda3 254:3    0  1.4G  0 part &#x5B;SWAP]\nvdb    254:16   0    4G  0 disk \nvdc    254:32   0    4G  0 disk \nvdd    254:48   0    4G  0 disk \nvde    254:64   0    4G  0 disk \nvdf    254:80   0    4G  0 disk \nvdg    254:96   0    4G  0 disk \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>This means we have six unused block devices to play with. Lets start again with the most simple case, one device, one file system:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; highlight: [1,2,3]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ bcachefs format --force \/dev\/vdb\ntumbleweed:~ $ mount \/dev\/vdb \/mnt\/dummy\/\ntumbleweed:~ $ df -h | grep dummy\n\/dev\/vdb        3.7G  2.0M  3.6G   1% \/mnt\/dummy\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Assuming we&#8217;re running out of space on that file system and we want to add another device, how does work? <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ bcachefs device add \/mnt\/dummy\/ \/dev\/vdc\ntumbleweed:~ $ df -h | grep dummy\n\/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc  7.3G  2.0M  7.2G   1% \/mnt\/dummy\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Quite easy, and no separate step required to extend the file system, this was done automatically which is quite nice. You can even go a step further and specify how large the file system should be on the new device (which doesn&#8217;t make much sense in this case):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ bcachefs device add --fs_size=4G \/mnt\/dummy\/ \/dev\/vdd \ntumbleweed:~ $ df -h | grep mnt\n\/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc:\/dev\/vdd   11G  2.0M   11G   1% \/mnt\/dummy\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s remove this configuration and then create a file system with multiple devices right from the beginning:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ bcachefs format --force \/dev\/vdb \/dev\/vdc\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Now we formatted two devices at once, which is great, but how can we mount that? This will obviously not work:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ mount \/dev\/vdb \/dev\/vdc \/mnt\/dummy\/\nmount: bad usage\nTry &#039;mount --help&#039; for more information.\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The syntax is a bit different, so either do it it with &#8220;mount&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ mount -t bcachefs \/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc \/mnt\/dummy\/\ntumbleweed:~ $ df -h | grep dummy\n\/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc  7.3G  2.0M  7.2G   1% \/mnt\/dummy\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8230; or use the &#8220;bcachefs&#8221; utility using the same syntax for the list of devices:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,2,3]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ umount \/mnt\/dummy \ntumbleweed:~ $ bcachefs mount \/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc \/mnt\/dummy\/\ntumbleweed:~ $ df -h | grep dummy\n\/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc  7.3G  2.0M  7.2G   1% \/mnt\/dummy\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>What is a bit annoying is, that you need to know which devices you can still add, as you won&#8217;t see this in the &#8220;lsblk&#8221; output&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ lsblk | grep -w &quot;4G&quot;\n\u2514\u2500vda3 254:3    0  1.4G  0 part &#x5B;SWAP]\nvdb    254:16   0    4G  0 disk \/mnt\/dummy\nvdc    254:32   0    4G  0 disk \nvdd    254:48   0    4G  0 disk \nvde    254:64   0    4G  0 disk \nvdf    254:80   0    4G  0 disk \nvdg    254:96   0    4G  0 disk \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You do see it, however in the &#8220;df -h&#8221; output:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ df -h | grep dummy\n\/dev\/vdb:\/dev\/vdc  7.3G  2.0M  7.2G   1% \/mnt\/dummy\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Another way to get those details is once more to use the &#8220;bcachefs&#8221; utility:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: bash; highlight: [1,8,9]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntumbleweed:~ $ bcachefs fs usage \/mnt\/dummy\/\nFilesystem: d6f85f8f-dc12-4e83-8547-6fa8312c8eca\nSize:                     7902739968\nUsed:                       76021760\nOnline reserved:                   0\n\nData type       Required\/total  Durability    Devices\nbtree:          1\/1             1             &#x5B;vdb]                1048576\nbtree:          1\/1             1             &#x5B;vdc]                1048576\n\n(no label) (device 0):           vdb              rw\n                                data         buckets    fragmented\n  free:                   4256956416           16239\n  sb:                        3149824              13        258048\n  journal:                  33554432             128\n  btree:                     1048576               4\n  user:                            0               0\n  cached:                          0               0\n  parity:                          0               0\n  stripe:                          0               0\n  need_gc_gens:                    0               0\n  need_discard:                    0               0\n  capacity:               4294967296           16384\n\n(no label) (device 1):           vdc              rw\n                                data         buckets    fragmented\n  free:                   4256956416           16239\n  sb:                        3149824              13        258048\n  journal:                  33554432             128\n  btree:                     1048576               4\n  user:                            0               0\n  cached:                          0               0\n  parity:                          0               0\n  stripe:                          0               0\n  need_gc_gens:                    0               0\n  need_discard:                    0               0\n  capacity:               4294967296           16384\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Note that shrinking a file system on a device is currently not supported, only growing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the next post we&#8217;ll look at how you can mirror your data across multiple devices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the last post, we&#8217;ve looked at the very basics when it comes to bcachefs, a new file system which was added to the Linux kernel starting from version 6.7. While we&#8217;ve already seen how easy it is to create a new file system using a single device, encrypt and\/or compress it and that check [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198,42],"tags":[3339,73],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-32657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","category-operating-systems","tag-bcachefs","tag-linux"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Another file system for Linux: bcachefs (2) \u2013 multi device file systems - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/another-file-system-for-linux-bcachefs-2-multi-device-file-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Another file system for Linux: bcachefs (2) \u2013 multi device file systems\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the last post, we&#8217;ve looked at the very basics when it comes to bcachefs, a new file system which was added to the Linux kernel starting from version 6.7. 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). 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