{"id":2892,"date":"2013-05-03T10:25:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-03T08:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/boot-sequence-for-all-linux-based-operating-systems-1\/"},"modified":"2013-05-03T10:25:00","modified_gmt":"2013-05-03T08:25:00","slug":"boot-sequence-for-all-linux-based-operating-systems-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/boot-sequence-for-all-linux-based-operating-systems-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Boot sequence for all Linux-based operating systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"blog-image aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/2e1ax_default_entry_tux_linux.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In this bog posting, I will present a boot sequence that works for all Linux-based operating systems &#8211; from switching on the power to the login screen.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>7 steps<\/h3>\n<p>There are 7 steps for Linux startup:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1-1.png\" alt=\"1\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Power on<\/h3>\n<p>Obviously, first of all, you have to switch on your computer, then:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each sub process will execute the following one<\/li>\n<li>It is the same process for all Linux distributions<\/li>\n<li>Close to BSD and Unix style from which it derives<\/li>\n<li>Same as Microsoft&#8217;s procedure until MBR stage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/2.png\" alt=\"2\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>BIOS (Basic Inpout Output System)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>First firmware executed at startup<\/li>\n<li>Inits motherboard hardware components<\/li>\n<li>Performs some system integrity checks (i. e. memory)<\/li>\n<li>Abstraction layer between hardware and software<\/li>\n<li>Searches and executes the boot loader program from MBR disk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/3.png\" alt=\"3\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>MBR (Master Boot Record), bootlader stage 1<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Located on the first sector of booted disk (512 bytes)<\/li>\n<li>Contains location and data about 2nd bootloader stage, inside bootloader code section<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/MBR.png\" alt=\"MBR\" width=\"702\" height=\"114\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Partition table (MS DOS limited to 4 primary partitions)<\/li>\n<li>Signature helps BIOS to identify from which disk it executes the bootloader code<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/4.png\" alt=\"4\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Bootloader, stage 2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Located on a disk partition<\/li>\n<li>Loads operating system kernel and options<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can choose several bootloader software:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grub, GRand Universal Bootloader<\/li>\n<li>Lilo, LInux LOader<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Grub configuration (&lt; v1.0) :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Grub version &lt; v1.0 uses a singe configuration file, in which all operating systems and kernel options have to be written by hand.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[root@oel-test ~]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">cat \/boot\/grub\/menu.lst<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">default=0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">timeout=5<\/span><\/span><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Grub1.png\" alt=\"Grub1\" width=\"266\" height=\"144\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">splashimage=(hd0,0)\/grub\/splash.xpm.gz<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">hiddenmenu<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">title Oracle Linux Server-uek (2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.i686)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">root (hd0,0)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">kernel \/vmlinuz-2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.i686<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Grub 2 configuration (&gt; v1.0) :<\/h4>\n<p>Grub version &gt; v1.0 (Grub 2) allows to use automatic search and configuration mechanism that updates the menu.lst file:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">grub-mkconfig<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">upgrade-grub2<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Moreover, if needed, we can add customization during these processes:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a>]<strong># <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">vim \/etc\/default\/grub<\/span> <span style=\"color: #999999;\"># common configuration file for all Operating systems<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">ls \/etc\/grub.d\/* <span style=\"color: #999999;\"># search and configuration scripts location<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">upgrade-grub2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; text-align: left; padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/warning.png\" alt=\"warning\" width=\"37\" height=\"37\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/span> #&gt;<span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"> upgrade-grub2 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"> will overvrite \/boot\/grub\/menu.lst<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5.png\" alt=\"5\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Kernel<\/h3>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kernel.png\" alt=\"Kernel\" width=\"122\" height=\"121\" \/><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Located on a disk partition<\/li>\n<li>Contains drivers for hardware support<\/li>\n<li>Lowest Operating System software layer<\/li>\n<li>Enables multi-task support (scheduler)<\/li>\n<li>Mounts root file system<\/li>\n<li>Executes init program<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Usually, an \u201cinitrd\u201d, INITial RamDisk (filesystem mounted temporarely in RAM memory), is needed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/6.png\" alt=\"6\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Init process<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/init_debian.png\" alt=\"init_debian\" width=\"231\" height=\"228\" \/><\/h3>\n<p>The Init process comes first in the operating system startup and defines the running state (Runlevel):<\/p>\n<p>0 \u2013 Halt<br \/>\n1 \u2013 Single user mode<br \/>\n2 \u2013 Multiuser, without NFS<br \/>\n3 \u2013 Full multiuser mode<br \/>\n4 \u2013 Unused<br \/>\n5 \u2013 Full multiuser and graphical mode<br \/>\n6 \u2013 Reboot<\/p>\n<p>Default configuration file location:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">cat \/etc\/inittab<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">id:5:initdefault:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7.png\" alt=\"7\" width=\"707\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Runlevel service script organization:<\/h3>\n<p>Runlevel scripts are organized acoording to a strict naming convention, allowing their execution order and purpose:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/runlevel_script.png\" alt=\"runlevel_script\" width=\"677\" height=\"137\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It is possible to invoke a manual action related to a service:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\/etc\/init.d\/service_name start|stop|restart|status|reload <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Starting service : [ <span style=\"color: #339966;\">OK<\/span> ]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">service <span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">service_name start|stop|restart|status|reload<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/runlevel_config_debian.png\" alt=\"runlevel_config_debian\" width=\"219\" height=\"219\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3>Runlevel service script configuration<\/h3>\n<p>It is possible to manage service execution scripts using more high-level commands:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">chkconfig [&#8211;level levels ] service_nqme on|off|reset<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">chkconfig &#8211;level 2345 ntpd on <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">chkconfig &#8211;list ntpd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">It is also possible to use a graphical tool:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ntsysv.png\" alt=\"ntsysv\" width=\"224\" height=\"146\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">[<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><a href=\"mailto:root@oel-test ~\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">root@oel-test ~<\/span><\/a><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">]# <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">ntsysv &#8211;level 5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/8.png\" alt=\"8\" width=\"702\" height=\"40\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>That&#8217;s it!<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/login_screen.png\" alt=\"login_screen\" width=\"357\" height=\"289\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #e6e6ff; padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Courier New,monospace;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this bog posting, I will present a boot sequence that works for all Linux-based operating systems &#8211; from switching on the power to the login screen. &nbsp; 7 steps There are 7 steps for Linux startup: Power on Obviously, first of all, you have to switch on your computer, then: Each sub process will&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":2893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[46,274],"class_list":["post-2892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-operating-systems","tag-linux-unix","tag-startup"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Boot sequence for all Linux-based operating systems - dbi 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