SQL is a wonderful language and very easy to use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For example you can call a PL\/SQL function into a SELECT or WHERE clause and the result of the PL\/SQL function is returned into the SQL expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
But when we call a PL\/SQL function inside a SQL statement there is a context switch between the SQL Engine and the PL\/SQL Engine impacting the SQL performance mostly for SQL statements returning a high number of rows because for each row returned by the SQL, a roundtrip is done between the SQL engine and the PL\/SQL engine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Let’s do a demo :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
We create a simple PL\/SQL function:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL> create or replace function price_with_tax(p1 in number, p2 in number)\nreturn number as\nbegin\n return p1*(1+p2\/100);\nend;\n\/\nFunction created.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe have a table with more than 100001 rows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL> select count(*) from big_table;\n\n COUNT(*)\n----------\n 100001<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe enable the PL\/SQL profiling via the DBMS_HPROF package which allows to monitore the number of calls between the PL\/SQL engine and the SQL engine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL> BEGIN\n 2 DBMS_HPROF.start_profiling (\n 3 \t location => 'PROFILER_DIR',\n 4 \t filename => 'profiler.txt');\n 5 end;\n 6 \/\n\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe execute a SQL statement on the table “big_table” calling the PL\/SQL function “price_with_tax”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL> set autotrace on\nselect id,owner,object_name from big_table where price_with_tax(object_id,19.6) > 1;\n. . .\nID OWNER OBJECT_NAME\n---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------\n99903 SYS org\/w3c\/dom\/css\/CSSStyleRule\n99904 SYS org\/w3c\/dom\/css\/CSSUnknownRule\n. . .\n100000 SYS sun\/awt\/AWTIcon32_java_icon16_png\n100001 SYS sun\/awt\/AWTIcon32_java_icon24_png\n\n100001 rows selected.\nExecution Plan\n----------------------------------------------------------\nPlan hash value: 3993303771\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n| Id | Operation\t | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |\t | 5000 | 263K| 503\t(2)| 00:00:01 |\n|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| BIG_TABLE | 5000 | 263K| 503\t(2)| 00:00:01 |\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nPredicate Information (identified by operation id):\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n 1 - filter(\"PRICE_WITH_TAX\"(\"OBJECT_ID\",19.6)>1)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe see in the Explain Plan that the PL\/SQL function is called and there are 100001 rows returned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now let’s check the number of roundtrips (calls) between the SQL Engine and the PL\/SQL Engine for the function “price_with_tax” by using the package DBMS_HPROF.ANALYZE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
QL> Begin\n 2 DBMS_HPROF.stop_profiling;\n 3 END;\n 4 \/\n\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n\nSQL> prompt ANALYZE THE RESULTS OF PROFILING --> \"DMMS_HPROF.ANALYZE\"\nANALYZE THE RESULTS OF PROFILING --> \"DMMS_HPROF.ANALYZE\"\nSQL> pause\n\nSQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON\nSQL> DECLARE\n 2 l_runid\tNUMBER;\n 3 BEGIN\n 4 l_runid := DBMS_HPROF.analyze (\n 5 \t\t location\t=> 'PROFILER_DIR',\n 6 \t\t filename\t=> 'profiler.txt',\n 7 \t\t run_comment => 'Test run.');\n 8\n 9 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('l_runid=' || l_runid);\n 10 END;\n 11 \/\nl_runid=36\n\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n\nSQL> prompt GET RUNID of DBMS_HPROF.ANALYZE\nGET RUNID of DBMS_HPROF.ANALYZE\nSQL> accept runid number prompt 'Enter the RUNID of DBMS_HPROF.ANALYZE:'\nEnter the RUNID of DBMS_HPROF.ANALYZE:36\nSQL> SET LINESIZE 500 PAGESIZE 1000\nSQL> COLUMN name FORMAT A100\nSQL> SELECT RPAD(' ', (level-1)*2, ' ') || a.name AS name,\n \t a.subtree_elapsed_time,\n \t a.function_elapsed_time,\n \t a.calls\n FROM (SELECT fi.symbolid,\n \t\t pci.parentsymid,\n \t\t RTRIM(fi.owner || '.' || fi.module || '.' || NULLIF(fi.function,fi.module), '.') AS name,\n \t\t NVL(pci.subtree_elapsed_time, fi.subtree_elapsed_time) AS subtree_elapsed_time,\n \t\t NVL(pci.function_elapsed_time, fi.function_elapsed_time) AS function_elapsed_time,\n \t\t NVL(pci.calls, fi.calls) AS calls\n \t FROM dbmshp_function_info fi\n \t\t LEFT JOIN dbmshp_parent_child_info pci ON fi.runid = pci.runid AND fi.symbolid = pci.childsymid\n \t WHERE fi.runid = &runid) a\n CONNECT BY a.parentsymid = PRIOR a.symbolid\n START WITH a.parentsymid IS NULL;\nold 13:\t WHERE\t fi.runid = &runid) a\nnew 13:\t WHERE\t fi.runid =\t 36) a\n\nNAME SUBTREE_ELAPSED_TIME FUNCTION_ELAPSED_TIME CALLS\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n..__plsql_vm \t 352444\t\t 46117 100006\n..__anonymous_block 253320\t\t 1589 5\n. . .\nSYS.DBMS_XPLAN.__pkg_init 1\t\t 1 \t 1\nLFE.PRICE_WITH_TAX\t 53007\t\t 53007 100001<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nThere are 100001 roundtrips between the SQL Engine and the PL\/SQL Engine which of course is very bad from a performance point of view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The solution is to rewrite the SQL expression by moving the PL\/SQL code into the SQL statement but it has a cost in term of development mostly if you have huge sql statement which contains several lines of code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
WIth the new parameter SQL_TRANSPILER in 23c, oracle does this conversion automatically for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
We just have to enable the parameter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL> alter system set sql_transpiler=ON scope = both;\n\nSystem altered.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe execute the same sql statement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
select id,owner,object_name from big_table where price_with_tax(object_id,19.6) > 1;\n\nID OWNER OBJECT_NAME\n---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ \n100000 SYS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t sun\/awt\/AWTIcon32_java_icon16_png\n 100001 SYS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t sun\/awt\/AWTIcon32_java_icon24_png\n\n100001 rows selected.\n\n\nExecution Plan\n----------------------------------------------------------\nPlan hash value: 3993303771\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n| Id | Operation\t | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |\t | 5000 | 263K| 494\t(1)| 00:00:01 |\n|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| BIG_TABLE | 5000 | 263K| 494\t(1)| 00:00:01 |\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nPredicate Information (identified by operation id):\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n 1 - filter(\"OBJECT_ID\"*1.196>1)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWe can see in the Explain Plan that the PL\/SQL function is no more called and oracle has moved automatically the PL\/SQL code inside the SQL Expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now let’s check the number of roundtrips between the SQL Engine and the PL\/SQL Engine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SQL> SET LINESIZE 500 PAGESIZE 1000\nSQL> COLUMN name FORMAT A100\nSQL> SELECT RPAD(' ', (level-1)*2, ' ') || a.name AS name,\n \t a.subtree_elapsed_time,\n \t a.function_elapsed_time,\n \t a.calls\n FROM (SELECT fi.symbolid,\n \t\t pci.parentsymid,\n \t\t RTRIM(fi.owner || '.' || fi.module || '.' || NULLIF(fi.function,fi.module), '.') AS name,\n \t\t NVL(pci.subtree_elapsed_time, fi.subtree_elapsed_time) AS subtree_elapsed_time,\n \t\t NVL(pci.function_elapsed_time, fi.function_elapsed_time) AS function_elapsed_time,\n \t\t NVL(pci.calls, fi.calls) AS calls\n \t FROM dbmshp_function_info fi\n \t\t LEFT JOIN dbmshp_parent_child_info pci ON fi.runid = pci.runid AND fi.symbolid = pci.childsymid\n \t WHERE fi.runid = &runid) a\n CONNECT BY a.parentsymid = PRIOR a.symbolid\n START WITH a.parentsymid IS NULL\nold 13:\t WHERE\t fi.runid = &runid) a\nnew 13:\t WHERE\t fi.runid =\t 37) a\n\nNAME SUBTREE_ELAPSED_TIME FUNCTION_ELAPSED_TIME CALLS\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n..__plsql_vm\t 154522\t\t 7 \t 5\nSYS.XMLTYPE.GETCLOBVAL 25\t\t 25 \t 1\n\n43 rows selected.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nNo more roundtrip occurs between the SQL Engine and the PL\/SQL Engine which is very good from a performance point of view.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
SQL is a wonderful language and very easy to use. For example you can call a PL\/SQL function into a SELECT or WHERE clause and the result of the PL\/SQL function is returned into the SQL expression. But when we call a PL\/SQL function inside a SQL statement there is a context switch between the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198,368,59],"tags":[],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-28351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","category-development-performance","category-oracle"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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