{"id":22549,"date":"2023-02-14T10:26:25","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T09:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=22549"},"modified":"2023-02-14T10:26:26","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T09:26:26","slug":"postgresql-16-more-i-o-statistics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-16-more-i-o-statistics\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL 16: More I\/O statistics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>PostgreSQL is already tracking various kinds of statistics which can help in identifying bottlenecks. Some of these statistics are available in the the pg_statio_* catalog views:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# select viewname from pg_views where viewname like &#039;%statio%&#039;;\n         viewname         \n--------------------------\n pg_statio_all_sequences\n pg_statio_all_tables\n pg_statio_sys_tables\n pg_statio_user_tables\n pg_statio_all_indexes\n pg_statio_sys_indexes\n pg_statio_user_indexes\n pg_statio_sys_sequences\n pg_statio_user_sequences\n(9 rows)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Other views providing I\/O related statistics are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pg_stat_bgwriter<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-VIEW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pg_stat_wal<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pg_stat_database<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s what you have up to PostgreSQL 15. The next major version, which will be PostgreSQL 16, will come with more detailed I\/O statistics. The new catalog view which provides this, is called pg_stat_io:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,7]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# select version();\n                                               version                                                \n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n PostgreSQL 16devel on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110, 64-bit\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# \\d pg_stat_io\n                       View &quot;pg_catalog.pg_stat_io&quot;\n    Column    |           Type           | Collation | Nullable | Default \n--------------+--------------------------+-----------+----------+---------\n backend_type | text                     |           |          | \n io_object    | text                     |           |          | \n io_context   | text                     |           |          | \n reads        | bigint                   |           |          | \n writes       | bigint                   |           |          | \n extends      | bigint                   |           |          | \n op_bytes     | bigint                   |           |          | \n evictions    | bigint                   |           |          | \n reuses       | bigint                   |           |          | \n fsyncs       | bigint                   |           |          | \n stats_reset  | timestamp with time zone |           |          | \n\npostgres=# \n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>As my instance was newly created the numbers in there are not very huge:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# select * from pg_stat_io;\n    backend_type     |   io_object   | io_context | reads | writes | extends | op_bytes | evictions | reuses | fsyncs |          stats_reset          \n---------------------+---------------+------------+-------+--------+---------+----------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------\n autovacuum launcher | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum launcher | relation      | normal     |     2 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | normal     |   324 |      0 |      11 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | vacuum     |   144 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |    108 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | normal     |   455 |      0 |       1 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background writer   | relation      | normal     |       |      0 |         |     8192 |           |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n checkpointer        | relation      | normal     |       |     67 |         |     8192 |           |        |     29 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       8 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | normal     |   689 |   1007 |     493 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | vacuum     |    10 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>What you see is one row per backend type, context and object. Running a small pgbench load will increase those numbers. Doing a manual checkpoint right after also increases the fsync operations of the checkpointer:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: sql; highlight: [1,9,44,46]; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\npostgres=# \\! pgbench -i -s 10 postgres\ndropping old tables...\ncreating tables...\ngenerating data (client-side)...\n1000000 of 1000000 tuples (100%) done (elapsed 2.76 s, remaining 0.00 s)\nvacuuming...\ncreating primary keys...\ndone in 3.85 s (drop tables 0.00 s, create tables 0.03 s, client-side generate 2.83 s, vacuum 0.14 s, primary keys 0.84 s).\npostgres=# select * from pg_stat_io;\n    backend_type     |   io_object   | io_context | reads | writes | extends | op_bytes | evictions | reuses | fsyncs |          stats_reset          \n---------------------+---------------+------------+-------+--------+---------+----------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------\n autovacuum launcher | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum launcher | relation      | normal     |     2 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | normal     |   324 |      0 |      11 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | vacuum     |   144 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |    108 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | bulkread   |  7568 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |   7536 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |  14346 |   16394 |     8192 |         0 |  14346 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | normal     |   533 |      0 |       6 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | vacuum     | 14346 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |  14314 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | bulkread   |  6746 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |   6714 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | normal     |     5 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background writer   | relation      | normal     |       |      0 |         |     8192 |           |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n checkpointer        | relation      | normal     |       |     67 |         |     8192 |           |        |     29 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       8 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | normal     |   689 |   1007 |     493 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | vacuum     |    10 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n(30 rows)\n\npostgres=# checkpoint;\nCHECKPOINT\npostgres=# select * from pg_stat_io;\n    backend_type     |   io_object   | io_context | reads | writes | extends | op_bytes | evictions | reuses | fsyncs |          stats_reset          \n---------------------+---------------+------------+-------+--------+---------+----------+-----------+--------+--------+-------------------------------\n autovacuum launcher | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum launcher | relation      | normal     |     2 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | normal     |   324 |      0 |      11 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n autovacuum worker   | relation      | vacuum     |   144 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |    108 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | bulkread   |  7568 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |   7536 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |  14346 |   16394 |     8192 |         0 |  14346 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | normal     |   533 |      0 |       6 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | relation      | vacuum     | 14346 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |  14314 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n client backend      | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | bulkread   |  6746 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |   6714 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | normal     |     5 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background worker   | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n background writer   | relation      | normal     |       |      0 |         |     8192 |           |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n checkpointer        | relation      | normal     |       |   2174 |         |     8192 |           |        |     70 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       8 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | normal     |   689 |   1007 |     493 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n standalone backend  | relation      | vacuum     |    10 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n startup             | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | bulkread   |     0 |      0 |         |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | bulkwrite  |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |      0 | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | relation      | vacuum     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |      0 |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n walsender           | temp relation | normal     |     0 |      0 |       0 |     8192 |         0 |        |        | 2023-02-13 16:00:04.736157+01\n(30 rows)\n\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>A nice addition for tracking I\/O related statistics. Documentation for this catalog view is currently only available in the development branch of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/devel\/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-IO-VIEW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">documentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PostgreSQL is already tracking various kinds of statistics which can help in identifying bottlenecks. Some of these statistics are available in the the pg_statio_* catalog views: Other views providing I\/O related statistics are: That&#8217;s what you have up to PostgreSQL 15. The next major version, which will be PostgreSQL 16, will come with more detailed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,198],"tags":[77],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-22549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-database-management","tag-postgresql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL 16: More I\/O statistics - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/postgresql-16-more-i-o-statistics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL 16: More I\/O statistics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PostgreSQL is already tracking various kinds of statistics which can help in identifying bottlenecks. Some of these statistics are available in the the pg_statio_* catalog views: Other views providing I\/O related statistics are: That&#8217;s what you have up to PostgreSQL 15. 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