{"id":2190,"date":"2011-03-07T19:12:00","date_gmt":"2011-03-07T18:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\/"},"modified":"2011-03-07T19:12:00","modified_gmt":"2011-03-07T18:12:00","slug":"oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle 11g Instance Caging – limit database CPU consumption"},"content":{"rendered":"

As you certainly already have heard, Oracle 11g comes with a new feature called \u201cInstance caging\u201d. This feature allows Oracle DBAs to easily manage Oracle Instance CPU consumption. How does it work? Quite easily … see below.<\/p>\n

First, two simple scenarios for your understanding:
\nScenario 1<\/strong>: Server over-provisioning, 4 Databases sharing a 4 CPU-machine.
\n\"blog_instancecaging_sce1\"
\nWith heavy load on all databases, each one of them would equally consume:
\n3\/(3+3+3+3) = 0.25 => 25%.<\/p>\n

If only two databases are active, then one instance will consume:
\n3\/(3+3) =0.5 => 50% of the CPU.
\nPer default, the init parameter CPU_COUNT is set to {Max. Number of CPU -1}.
\nScenario 2<\/strong>: Now, assume you have a server with 16 CPUs and 4 databases running on it. Several of these databases are not critical. But one, the production line, is!
\n\"blog_instancecaging_sce2\"
\nUsing Oracle 11g Instance caging, you are able to manage the maximal amount of CPU consumed by each oracle instances.
\nInstance A could consume up to 62.5% (10\/16=0.625) of CPU-capacity.
\nTo enable instance caging, create an Oracle resource plan, active the plan\u00a0and set the right CPU_COUNT amount.<\/p>\n

Step 1: enable Resource Manager<\/h4>\n

The first step consists in creating a simple resource manager plan.
\nBEGIN
\n— Pending area mandatory for each Resource Manager action
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PENDING_AREA();
\n–create resource consumer groups
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (
\nCONSUMER_GROUP => ‘OLTP_CG’,
\nCOMMENT => ‘OLTP high priority’
\n);
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (
\nCONSUMER_GROUP => ‘REPORTING_CG’,
\nCOMMENT => ‘REPORTING middle priority’
\n);
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP (
\nCONSUMER_GROUP => ‘LOW_CG’,
\nCOMMENT => ‘other eclectic applications’
\n);
\n–create a resource plan
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN(
\nPLAN => ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’,
\nCOMMENT => ‘Normal activity plan’,
\nMGMT_MTH=> ‘EMPHASIS’);
\n–validate & submit the pending area
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.VALIDATE_PENDING_AREA();
\nDBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SUBMIT_PENDING_AREA();
\nEND;
\n\/<\/span>
\nTo enable the resource plan, set the resource_manager_plan parameters as follows:<\/p>\n

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN = ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’;<\/span>
\nSetting the resource manager plan, activates the resource manager.<\/p>\n

Step 2: Set cpu_count<\/h4>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 16;<\/span><\/p>\n

>To burn all available CPU (dynamically of course :), we will start 16 parallel sessions running the following code:
\nDECLARE
\nL_n NUMBER;
\nBEGIN
\nWHILE (TRUE)
\nLOOP
\nL_ n:= dbms_random.random();
\nEND LOOP;
\nEND;
\n\/<\/span>
\nTheses activities burn all CPU as you can see below:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5
\nNPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU
\n72 oracle 1398M 1501M 4.6% 1:12:25 96%
\n1 smmsp 1512K 4416K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
\n6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
\n23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%
\nTotal: 102 processes, 274 lwps, load averages: 17.11, 10.56, 5.02<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dividing CPU to 50 % of the amount of CPU’s<\/p>\n

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 8;<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5
\nNPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU
\n72 oracle 1398M 1501M 4.6% 1:36:20 51%
\n1 smmsp 1512K 4184K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
\n6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
\n23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%
\nTotal: 102 processes, 275 lwps, load averages: 11.14, 10.97, 5.97<\/span><\/p>\n

Dividing CPU to 25 % of the amount of CPU’s<\/p>\n

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET CPU_COUNT = 4;<\/span><\/p>\n

oracle@sbsubs177:bscc177 > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5
\nNPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU
\n72 oracle 1398M 1503M 4.6% 1:47:28 26%
\n1 smmsp 1512K 4184K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
\n6 daemon 6728K 6424K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
\n23 root 106M 57M 0.2% 0:38:43 0.0%
\nTotal: 102 processes, 274 lwps, load averages: 6.07, 9.27, 6.02<\/span><\/p>\n

Convinced ? Let’s quickly look deeper. Imagine you have a reporting application plugged in on your OLTP database which should not consume too much CPU.<\/p>\n

Let’s shortly summarize all steps to create an overall Resource Manager plan:<\/p>\n

1. Create groups : (see above) \u2013 consumer groups can be viewed by querying DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP<\/p>\n

    \n
  • OLTP_CG : OLTP consumer group, unlimited resource access<\/li>\n
  • REPORTING_CG : Our reporting application which should not burn all our available CPU-power<\/li>\n
  • LOW_CG : our low priority group , maximum CPU-usage 25%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. Create Resource Manager plan (see above)<\/p>\n

    3. Create Resource Manager directives, plan directives are switch conditions.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • if a User\/Session from consumer group REPORTING_CG consumes 50% CPU (parameter MGMT_P1) during 10 CPU seconds (paramter SWITCH_TIME), he will be automatically switched to the LOW_CG consumer group<\/li>\n
    • LOW_CG is a plan directive that limits CPU usage to 25% (parameter MAX_UTILIZATION_LIMIT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      P. S. : If you try looking up the parameter MAX_UTILIZATION LIMIT in the Oracle 11gR2 Administration guide, it’s a gift, it is only\u00a0mentioned\u00a0 in the example pages \ud83d\ude1b<\/p>\n

      -\u2013 create plan directives
      \nBEGIN
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PENDING_AREA();
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PLAN => ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => ‘REPORTING_CG’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMMENT => ‘switch REPORTING group to a lower priority consumer group’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGMT_P1 => 50,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SWITCH_GROUP => ‘LOW_CG’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SWITCH_TIME => 10
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 );
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PLAN => ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => ‘LOW_CG’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMMENT => ‘sets the max CPU used for LOW_GC’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MAX_UTILIZATION_LIMIT => 25
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 );
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PLAN => ‘ACTIVITY_PLAN’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => ‘OTHER_GROUPS’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMMENT => ‘This one is required’,
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGMT_P1 => 10
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 );
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.VALIDATE_PENDING_AREA();
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SUBMIT_PENDING_AREA();
      \nEND;
      \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

      4. Set the initial resource group for database schemas, “query-able” from DBA_USERS.INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP:<\/p>\n

      BEGIN
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER,’REPORT_USER’,’REPORTING_CG’);
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER,’OTHER_USER’,’LOW_CG’);
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.VALIDATE_PENDING_AREA();
      \n\u00a0\u00a0 DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SUBMIT_PENDING_AREA();
      \nEND;
      \n\/<\/span><\/p>\n

      SQL> select username,INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP from dba_users where username like ‘%_USER’;<\/span><\/p>\n

      USERNAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP
      \n—————– ——————————
      \nREPORT_USER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 REPORTING_CG
      \nOTHER_USER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 LOW_CG
      \nOLTP_USER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP<\/span><\/p>\n

      Again, we start 16 sessions belonging to the REPORT_USER running the same PL\/SQL block which normally burns all available CPU (CPU_COUNT set to 16).<\/p>\n

      The V$SESSION.RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP view shows the current consumer group:<\/p>\n

      SQL> select username,RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null and schemaname!=’SYS’ and rownum=1 ;<\/span><\/p>\n

      USERNAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP\u00a0 SID\u00a0\u00a0 SERIAL#
      \n————- ———————— —– ——-
      \nREPORT_USER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0OTHER_GROUPS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 146\u00a0\u00a0 1<\/span><\/p>\n

      Because our resource plan directives are not accurate, the REPORTING_CG consumer group switches automatically to OTHERS_GROUPS and consumes all available CPU. The Resource manager plans should be as structured as possible to avoid switching connected session directly to the default OTHER_GROUPS consumer group.<\/p>\n

      The procedure…<\/p>\n

      DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SWITCH_CONSUMER_GROUP_FOR_SESS(‘v$session.sid’,’v$session.serial’#,’REPORTING_GC’)<\/p>\n

      …can be used to switch back all users sessions to the resource consumer group REPORTING_CG.<\/p>\n

      SQL> select username,RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null and schemaname!=’SYS’ and rownum=1 ;<\/span><\/p>\n

      USERNAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP\u00a0 SID\u00a0\u00a0 SERIAL#
      \n————- ———————— —– ——-
      \nREPORT_USER\u00a0\u00a0 LOW_CG\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 146\u00a0\u00a0 1<\/span><\/p>\n

      As of our directives REPORTING_CG consumer group sessions: these are automtically switched to LOW_CG when consuming up to 50% CPU at level 1 during more than 10 CPU seconds. The result is a decreasing CPU usage up to the parameter MAX_UTILIZATION_LIMIT:<\/p>\n

      oracle@sbsubs177:none > prstat -t -s cpu -n 5
      \nNPROC USERNAME SWAP RSS MEMORY TIME CPU
      \n113 oracle 1598M 1648M 5.0% 0:30:12 23%
      \n1 smmsp 1512K 3704K 0.0% 0:00:18 0.0%
      \n6 daemon 6728K 5152K 0.0% 0:00:03 0.0%
      \n22 root 104M 54M 0.2% 0:39:12 0.0%
      \nTotal: 142 processes, 316 lwps, load averages: 6.25, 5.11, 4.37<\/span><\/code><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      I hope you enjoyed reading this post. We have just scratched the surface of the Resource Manager, which is able to…<\/p>\n

        \n
      • manage the degree of parallelism (number of parallel execution servers)<\/li>\n
      • manage active session (nulber of concurrent active sessions)<\/li>\n
      • limit UNDO usage<\/li>\n
      • limite execution time (maximum execution time allowed for an operation)<\/li>\n
      • and so on … all features are well described in the Oracle 11gR2 Database Administration documentation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        By the way, Instance Caging cannot reduce the number of licensed CPUs! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        As you certainly already have heard Oracle 11g came with a new feature called \u201cInstance caging\u201d. This feature allows Oracle DBA to easily manage Oracle Instance CPU-consumption. How does it work? Quite easily \u2026 see below<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":2191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[197],"tags":[17,243],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-2190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application-integration-middleware","tag-oracle-11g","tag-oracle-instance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOracle 11g Instance Caging - limit database CPU consumption - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to easily manage CPU consumption within database instances (Release 11g).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oracle 11g Instance Caging - limit database CPU consumption\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to easily manage CPU consumption within database instances (Release 11g).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dbi Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-03-07T18:12:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/blog_instancecaging_sce1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"538\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Witt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Witt\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Witt\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a2d3ecddaf732850101a39b9d62c31b7\"},\"headline\":\"Oracle 11g Instance Caging – limit database CPU consumption\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-03-07T18:12:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1217,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/2\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/blog_instancecaging_sce1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Oracle 11g\",\"Oracle instance\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Application integration & Middleware\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dbi-services.com\\\/blog\\\/oracle-11g-instance-caging-limit-database-cpu-consumption\\\/\",\"name\":\"Oracle 11g Instance Caging - 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