{"id":21110,"date":"2022-12-16T17:29:34","date_gmt":"2022-12-16T16:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?p=21110"},"modified":"2022-12-16T17:29:34","modified_gmt":"2022-12-16T16:29:34","slug":"secure-your-sql-scripts-with-an-oracle-wallet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/secure-your-sql-scripts-with-an-oracle-wallet\/","title":{"rendered":"Secure your SQL scripts with an Oracle wallet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Security is a real topic today: encryption, increased password complexity, regular patching, auditing, \u2026 But it&#8217;s tough to identify each security issue that needs a fix. Among these security flaws you may discover, the use of clear credentials in scripts is one of them. A password should never be in a text file, for sure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oracle wallets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A simple way to avoid passwords in script files is to use wallets to store passwords. Wallet is basically a file where passwords are stored with a strong encryption. A wallet is itself protected by a password, so you may think that it&#8217;s useless if you need to provide the password of the wallet in the script, but autologin wallets are there to address this problem. Actually, you won&#8217;t need any password for using this wallet, and you will be able to remove credentials from your scripts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test environment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>My client has an alias DBITST for my test database on a remote server:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>su \u2013 oracle\r\nvi $ORACLE_HOME\/network\/admin\/tnsnames.ora\r<\/strong>\nDBITST =\r\n  (DESCRIPTION =\r\n    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.36.0.241)(PORT = 1521))\r\n    (CONNECT_DATA =\r\n      (SERVER = DEDICATED)\r\n      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1.dbi-lab.ch)\r\n    )\r\n  )<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>I need a script and this script first authenticates with a login\/password:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>vi script.sql\n<\/strong>\nconn salty\/visiblePWD@DBITST\nshow user;\nselect count(*) \"Number of objects\" from all_objects;\nexit;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>When I run this script, it returns the number of objects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>sqlplus -s \/nolog @script<\/strong>\nUSER is \"SALTY\"\n\r\nNumber of objects\r\n-----------------\r\n\t    55943<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Creating the wallet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I will create a wallet directory on my client, then create the wallet and provide the password for this wallet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mkdir \/home\/oracle\/wallet\n<\/strong>\n<strong>orapki wallet create -wallet \/home\/oracle\/wallet -auto_login_local\n<\/strong>\nOracle Secret Store Tool Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production\nVersion 19.4.0.0.0\nCopyright (c) 2004, 2021, Oracle and\/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.\n\nEnter password: <strong>***************<\/strong>\nEnter password again: <strong>***************<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>I will now add credentials for my database, the alias, the login and the password:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mkstore -wrl \/home\/oracle\/wallet -createCredential DBITST salty visiblePWD<\/strong>\n\nEnter wallet password: <strong>***************<\/strong>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>I need to configure the wallet location in the sqlnet.ora file of my client:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>vi $ORACLE_HOME\/network\/admin\/sqlnet.ora\n<\/strong>WALLET_LOCATION=\n  (SOURCE=\n    (METHOD=FILE)\n    (METHOD_DATA=\n       (DIRECTORY=\/home\/oracle\/wallet)\n       ))\n\nSQLNET.WALLET_OVERRIDE = TRUE\nSSL_CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION = FALSE\nSSL_VERSION = 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now I will create a new version of my script, this time without login\/password in it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>cp script.sql nopwd_script.sql\nvi nopwd_script.sql\n<\/strong>\nconn \/@DBITST\nshow user;\nselect count(*) \"Number of objects\" from all_objects;\nexit;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s test if it works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>sqlplus -s \/nolog @nopwd_script<\/strong>\nUSER is \"SALTY\"\n\nNumber of objects\r\n-----------------\r\n\t    55943<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Fine!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using different credentials for the same database<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If different credentials for the same database are needed, another alias for the same database must be created, as well as another credentials line:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>vi $ORACLE_HOME\/network\/admin\/tnsnames.ora\r\n<\/strong>DBITST =\r\n  (DESCRIPTION =\r\n    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.36.0.241)(PORT = 1521))\r\n    (CONNECT_DATA =\r\n      (SERVER = DEDICATED)\r\n      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1.dbi-lab.ch)\r\n    )\r\n  )\r\n\r\nDBITST2 =\r\n  (DESCRIPTION =\r\n    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.36.0.241)(PORT = 1521))\r\n    (CONNECT_DATA =\r\n      (SERVER = DEDICATED)\r\n      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1.dbi-lab.ch)\r\n    )\r\n  )\r\n\r\n<strong>mkstore -wrl \/home\/oracle\/wallet -createCredential DBITST2 tlas DWPelbisiv\r\n<\/strong>\r\nEnter wallet password: <strong>**************<\/strong>\n\n<strong>cp nopwd_script.sql nopwd_script_2.sql\r\n\r\nvi nopwd_script.sql<\/strong>\r\n\r\nconn \/@DBITST\r\nshow user\r\nselect count(*) \"Number of objects\" from all_objects;\r\nexit;\r\n\r\n<strong>vi nopwd_script_2.sql\r<\/strong>\n\r\nconn \/@DBITST2\r\nshow user\r\nselect count(*) \"Number of tables\" from all_tables;\r\nexit;\r\n\n<strong>sqlplus -s \/nolog @nopwd_script\r<\/strong>\n\r\nUSER is \"SALTY\"\r\n\r\nNumber of objects\r\n-----------------\r\n\t    55943\r\n\r\n<strong>sqlplus -s \/nolog @nopwd_script_2\r<\/strong>\n\r\nUSER is \"YTLAS\"\r\n\r\nNumber of objects\r\n-----------------\r\n\t      117<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Managing the wallet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s have a look at what\u2019s inside the wallet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mkstore -wrl \/home\/oracle\/wallet -listCredential\n<\/strong>Oracle Secret Store Tool Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production\nVersion 19.4.0.0.0\nCopyright (c) 2004, 2021, Oracle and\/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.\n\nEnter wallet password: <strong>**************<\/strong>\nList credential (index: connect_string username)\n2: DBITST2 ytlas\n1: DBITST salty\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s try to remove the entry for DBITST:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>mkstore -wrl \/home\/oracle\/wallet -deleteCredential DBITST\n<\/strong>\nOracle Secret Store Tool Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production\nVersion 19.4.0.0.0\nCopyright (c) 2004, 2021, Oracle and\/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.\n\nEnter wallet password: <strong>**************\n<\/strong>\n<strong>mkstore -wrl \/home\/oracle\/wallet -listCredential\n<\/strong>\nOracle Secret Store Tool Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production\nVersion 19.4.0.0.0\nCopyright (c) 2004, 2021, Oracle and\/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.\n\nEnter wallet password: <strong>**************<\/strong>\nList credential (index: connect_string username)\n2: DBITST2 tlas\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Confirm that it doesn\u2019t work anymore for the first script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>sqlplus -s \/nolog @nopwd_script\r\n\r<\/strong>\nERROR:\r\nORA-01017: invalid username\/password; logon denied\r\n\r\nUSER is \"\"\r\nSP2-0640: Not connected\r\n\r\n<strong>sqlplus -s \/nolog @nopwd_script_2\r\n\r<\/strong>\nUSER is \"TLAS\"\r\n\r\nNumber of objects\r\n-----------------\r\n\t      117\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Using wallets is quite easy, the most difficult task being to identify these scripts on the clients.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to secure your SQL script and remove password using Oracle wallets<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,149],"tags":[2789,2785,2790,2787,2781,2783,2784,2782,2788,2786],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-21110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oracle","category-security","tag-hide-password-in-scripts","tag-increase-script-security","tag-make-password-invisible-in-sql","tag-oracle-sql-script-security","tag-remove-password-from-scripts","tag-secure-sql-script","tag-securize-sql-script","tag-sql-script","tag-sqlplus-without-password","tag-wallet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - 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Ten years ago, he specialized in the Oracle Database technology. His expertise is focused on database architectures, high availability (RAC), disaster recovery (DataGuard), backups (RMAN), performance analysis and tuning (AWR\/statspack), migration, consolidation and appliances, especially ODA (his main projects during the last years). Prior to joining dbi services, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Dubar worked in a Franco-Belgian IT service company as Database team manager and main consultant for 7 years. He also worked for 5 years in a software editor company as technical consultant across France. He was also teaching Oracle Database lessons for 9 years. J\u00e9r\u00f4me Dubar holds a Computer Engineering degree from the Lille Sciences and Technologies university in northern France. 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