{"id":17105,"date":"2022-02-04T18:00:26","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T17:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/import-tnsnames-ora-in-ldap-directory\/"},"modified":"2022-05-31T16:33:55","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T14:33:55","slug":"import-tnsnames-ora-in-ldap-directory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/import-tnsnames-ora-in-ldap-directory\/","title":{"rendered":"Import tnsnames.ora in LDAP directory"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This post gives a short intro to directory naming, shows how to import from tnsnames.ora to an LDAP directory. Finally, as an alternative, you get an example how a TNS connection string looks like in ldif file format. LDIF can be used universally to export and importing data to LDAP directories.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3>What is directory naming?<\/h3>\n<p>In order to connect to a database, you either need to pass a DB connection string or you are using an alias to lookup up the string. When using an alias, there are two ways to connect to an Oracle database:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha\">\n<li><strong>Local naming<\/strong><br \/>\nLookup DB connection strings locally in a tnsnames.ora file<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/local_naming.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54232 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/local_naming.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"589\" height=\"226\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nThere is a variant when the connection is &#8220;directly&#8221; established using local application configuration in application or a jdbc string:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/local_naming_configuration.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54231\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/local_naming_configuration.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"593\" height=\"186\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Directory naming<\/strong><br \/>\nLookup DB connection strings remotely in a LDAP directory<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/directory_naming.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/directory_naming.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"133\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nLDAP lookup is also possible via jdbc:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/directory_naming_jdbc_.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/directory_naming_jdbc_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This diagram summarises all the possibilities :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/diagram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54291 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/diagram.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"611\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Directory naming can be compared to DNS, all you aliases are in one central LDAP server (like in a DNS server).<br \/>\nIf you do local naming, you use a local configuration file that can be compared to \/etc\/hosts.<br \/>\nThe data structure of both tnsnames.ora file or LDAP server used is a very simple key-value-store, it&#8217;s actually &lt;Alias&gt;=&lt;DB connection string&gt;<\/p>\n<p>Directory naming has some benefits over local naming:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There is a single source of &#8220;truth&#8221; in one central directory. Much easier to manage. You don&#8217;t have to distribute tnsnames.ora files to the clients.<br \/>\nIt&#8217;s advisable to run LDAP highly availabe, for example configuring replication between several LDAP servers and having load balancers distribute traffic.<\/li>\n<li>On every client, all connections are available. Useful when accessing a DB from remote, for example remote PDB cloning, using DB links, Data Guard Observer, doing remote RMAN backup &amp; restore\/recovery or cloning, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mass import from tnsnames.ora to LDAP Server<\/h3>\n<p>In the following example we are using Oracle Unified Directory as an LDAP directory. You are free to choose other LDAP directories to use for directory naming: OpenLDAP or Active Directory to name just a few.<br \/>\nOnce you setup OUD for directory naming, you may want to do an initial load with contents from local tnsnames.ora file.\u00a0In the directory your environment variable TNS_ADMIN points to, make sure to have these three files present:<\/p>\n<p><strong>sqlnet.ora<br \/>\n<\/strong>contains information on SQL*net configuration, important parameters are:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: text; gutter: false; first-line: 1\">NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = company.com # default domain if domains are used\nNAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH = (LDAP) # Where to lookup aliass, multi values possible, for example (TNSNAMES, LDAP) to first look locally, then on LDAP\n<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ldap.ora<br \/>\n<\/strong>contains information about your LDAP directory, important parameters are:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: text; gutter: false; first-line: 1\">DIRECTORY_SERVERS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 = (loadbalancer.company.com:1389) # Adress of the LDAP server\nDEFAULT_ADMIN_CONTEXT = \"dc=company,dc=com\" # Context where alias entries are stored\nDIRECTORY_SERVER_TYPE = OID # Type of LDAP server\n<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>tnsnames.ora<\/strong><br \/>\ncontains aliases and connections strings, example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: text; gutter: false; first-line: 1\">TESTDB = (DESCRIPTION=\n           (ADDRESS_LIST=\n              (ADDRESS=\n                  (PROTOCOL=TCP)\n                  (Host=testdb.company.com)\n                  (Port=1521)\n              )\n           )\n           (CONNECT_DATA=\n              (SERVICE_NAME=testdb.company.com)\n           )\n        )\n<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>On the client you would like to do the mass import, make sure to have either have the Oracle client or RDBMS software installed. Here, I&#8217;m using Oracle Client 12.2 64Bit on Windows. It&#8217;s quite an old version, but it fits our purpose. Both in Oracle client or RDBMS software, there is a tool called &#8220;Net Manager&#8221;. By reading the configuration files mentioned above, it&#8217;s able to connect both to remote LDAP servers and local tnsnames.ora file.<\/p>\n<p>Startup Net Manager. In the menu, choose &#8220;COMMAND &#8211; DIRECTORY &#8211; EXPORT NET SERVICE NAMES&#8221;:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/import1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54269 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/import1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"379\" height=\"136\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>After authenticating to the LDAP server, a wizard shows up on which you are able to choose which aliases to add to LDAP directory:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/import2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54271 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/import2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"354\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/import3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54273 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/import3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"354\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Alternative: Use LDIF to export and import LDAP data<\/h3>\n<p>LDIF file format is easiest if you want to transfer data between LDAP directories. It&#8217;s also possible to create LDIF files containing TNS data. See the following example LDIF record for alias &#8220;TESTDB&#8221;:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: text; gutter: false; first-line: 1\">dn: CN=TESTDB,cn=OracleContext,dc=company,dc=com\norclNetDescString: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(Host=testdb.company.com)(Port=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=testdb.company.com)))\nobjectClass: top\nobjectClass: orclNetService\nCN: TESTDB\n<\/pre>\n<p>Aliases are stored in LDAP context &#8220;cn=OracleContext,dc=company,dc=com&#8221;.<br \/>\n&#8220;orclNetDescString&#8221; contains the actual DB connection string.<br \/>\n&#8220;CN&#8221; contains the alias value and is used to lookup a connection string.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This post gives a short intro to directory naming, shows how to import from tnsnames.ora to an LDAP directory. Finally, as an alternative, you get an example how a TNS connection string looks like in ldif file format. LDIF can be used universally to export and importing data to LDAP directories.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[2472,2473,1547,15,96,2470],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-17105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-directory-naming","tag-import","tag-ldap","tag-migration","tag-oracle","tag-tns"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Import tnsnames.ora in LDAP directory - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/import-tnsnames-ora-in-ldap-directory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Import tnsnames.ora in LDAP directory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This post gives a short intro to directory naming, shows how to import from tnsnames.ora to an LDAP directory. Finally, as an alternative, you get an example how a TNS connection string looks like in ldif file format. 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