{"id":14737,"date":"2020-09-23T07:28:28","date_gmt":"2020-09-23T05:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/using-postgresqls-adminpack-extension-to-write-files\/"},"modified":"2020-09-23T07:28:28","modified_gmt":"2020-09-23T05:28:28","slug":"using-postgresqls-adminpack-extension-to-write-files","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/using-postgresqls-adminpack-extension-to-write-files\/","title":{"rendered":"Using PostgreSQL&#8217;s adminpack extension to write files"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In PostgreSQL you have several ways of working with files and you can find quite some examples here on our blog, e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/modifying-pg_hba-conf-from-inside-postgresql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modifying pg_hba.conf from inside PostgreSQL<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/can-i-do-it-with-postgresql-4-external-tables\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Can I do it with PostgreSQL? \u2013 4 \u2013 External tables<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/working-with-files-on-the-filesystem-in-postgresql\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Working with files on the filesystem in PostgreSQL<\/a>. There is also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/sql-copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">copy<\/a> which allows you to load or unload tables and there is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/adminpack.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">adminpack<\/a> extension which is the topic of this post.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>As adminpack comes as an extension it obviously needs to be added to the database you want to use it in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1; highlight: [1,8,10,14]\">\npostgres=# dx\n                 List of installed extensions\n  Name   | Version |   Schema   |         Description          \n---------+---------+------------+------------------------------\n plpgsql | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL\/pgSQL procedural language\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# create extension adminpack;\nCREATE EXTENSION\npostgres=# dx\n                        List of installed extensions\n   Name    | Version |   Schema   |               Description               \n-----------+---------+------------+-----------------------------------------\n adminpack | 2.1     | pg_catalog | administrative functions for PostgreSQL\n plpgsql   | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL\/pgSQL procedural language\n(2 rows)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Basically adminpack adds theses functions for working with files:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pg_file_write: writes or appends to files<\/li>\n<li>pg_file_sync: forces the flush of a given file (new in PostgreSQL 13)<\/li>\n<li>pg_file_rename: renames a file<\/li>\n<li>pg_file_unlink: deletes a file<\/li>\n<li>pg_logdir_ls : lists the log files in the log directory<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To have something to work with let&#8217;s start by creating a simple file and add some text to it:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select pg_file_write('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','test test', 'false');\n pg_file_write \n---------------\n             9\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>The last parameter of the function specifies if you want to append to a file or not. Doing exactly the same again will give you an error as the file is already existing:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select pg_file_write('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','test test', 'false');\nERROR:  file \"\/var\/tmp\/a.txt\" exists\n<\/pre>\n<p>Looking at the content of the file it contains exactly what we just wrote (everything else would be very surprising anyway):<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select pg_read_file('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt');\n pg_read_file \n--------------\n test test\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Note that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/13\/functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-GENFILE-TABLE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pg_read_file<\/a> is not coming with the adminpack extension but is there by default. Adding additional content to the file is done using the same function but switching the append parameter to true:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select pg_file_write('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','blubb blubb', 'true');\n pg_file_write \n---------------\n            11\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# select pg_read_file('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt');\n     pg_read_file     \n----------------------\n test testblubb blubb\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Renaming the file is easy as well:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select pg_file_rename('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','\/var\/tmp\/b.txt');\n pg_file_rename \n----------------\n t\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# ! cat \/var\/tmp\/b.txt\ntest testblubb blubbpostgres=# \n<\/pre>\n<p>&#8230; and finally deleting when you&#8217;re done:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select pg_file_unlink('\/var\/tmp\/b.txt');\n pg_file_unlink \n----------------\n t\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# ! ls \/var\/tmp\/b.txt\nls: cannot access '\/var\/tmp\/b.txt': No such file or directory\npostgres=# \n<\/pre>\n<p>All quite easy and convenient to use. But there are some security considerations. As I am connected as a superuser I can easily do all that stuff. But that also means I can potentially destroy my cluster:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# ! echo $PGDATA\n\/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\npostgres=# ! ls \/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\nbase              pg_commit_ts  pg_ident.conf  pg_multixact  pg_serial     pg_stat_tmp  pg_twophase  pg_xact               postmaster.opts\ncurrent_logfiles  pg_dynshmem   pg_log         pg_notify     pg_snapshots  pg_subtrans  PG_VERSION   postgresql.auto.conf  postmaster.pid\nglobal            pg_hba.conf   pg_logical     pg_replslot   pg_stat       pg_tblspc    pg_wal       postgresql.conf\n\npostgres=# select pg_file_write('\/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\/postmaster.opts','do not do that',true);\n pg_file_write \n---------------\n            14\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# ! cat \/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\/postmaster.opts\n\/u01\/app\/postgres\/product\/DEV\/db_1\/bin\/postgres \"-D\" \"\/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\"\ndo not do that\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this case nothing really happens as that file is not super important but potentially you can write to all the files in $PGDATA and all the files in the operating system the postgres user has access to.<\/p>\n<p>Standard users, however, do not have access to these functions by default:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# create user u with login password 'u';\nCREATE ROLE\npostgres=# c postgres u\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"u\".\npostgres=&gt; select pg_file_write('\/var\/tmp\/c.txt','dummy',false);\nERROR:  permission denied for function pg_file_write\n<\/pre>\n<p>If you really trust a specific user you may grant access to these functions:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# c postgres postgres\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"postgres\".\npostgres=# grant EXECUTE on function pg_file_write to u;\nGRANT\npostgres=# c postgres u\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"u\".\npostgres=&gt; ! pwd\n\/home\/postgres\npostgres=&gt; select pg_file_write('a.txt','dummy',true);\n pg_file_write \n---------------\n             5\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=&gt; ! ls \/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\/a.txt\n\/u02\/pgdata\/DEV\/a.txt\npostgres=&gt; \n<\/pre>\n<p>If you do it like that the user can write files in $PGDATA only. Writing to another location in the operating system will not work:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=&gt; select pg_file_write('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','dummy',true);\nERROR:  absolute path not allowed\npostgres=&gt; select pg_file_write('..\/..\/..\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','dummy',true);\nERROR:  path must be in or below the current directory\n<\/pre>\n<p>If you want to have that as well for a specific user you need to give additional permissions:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=&gt; c postgres postgres\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"postgres\".\npostgres=# grant pg_write_server_files to u;\nGRANT ROLE\npostgres=# c postgres u\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"u\".\npostgres=&gt; select pg_file_write('\/var\/tmp\/a.txt','dummy',true);\n pg_file_write \n---------------\n             5\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>But again, be careful with such powerful permissions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In PostgreSQL you have several ways of working with files and you can find quite some examples here on our blog, e.g. Modifying pg_hba.conf from inside PostgreSQL, Can I do it with PostgreSQL? \u2013 4 \u2013 External tables or Working with files on the filesystem in PostgreSQL. There is also copy which allows you to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[77],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-14737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-postgresql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Using PostgreSQL&#039;s adminpack extension to write files - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/using-postgresqls-adminpack-extension-to-write-files\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Using PostgreSQL&#039;s adminpack extension to write files\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In PostgreSQL you have several ways of working with files and you can find quite some examples here on our blog, e.g. Modifying pg_hba.conf from inside PostgreSQL, Can I do it with PostgreSQL? \u2013 4 \u2013 External tables or Working with files on the filesystem in PostgreSQL. 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