{"id":13933,"date":"2020-04-09T14:55:05","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T12:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/starting-an-oracle-database-when-a-first-connection-comes-in\/"},"modified":"2020-04-09T14:55:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T12:55:05","slug":"starting-an-oracle-database-when-a-first-connection-comes-in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/starting-an-oracle-database-when-a-first-connection-comes-in\/","title":{"rendered":"Starting an Oracle Database when a first connection comes in"},"content":{"rendered":"

To save resources I thought about the idea to start an Oracle database automatically when a first connection comes in. I.e. if there are many smaller databases on a server, which are not required during specific times, then we may shut them down and automatically start them when a connection comes in. The objective was that even the first connection should be successful. Is that possible? Yes, it is. Here’s what I did:<\/p>\n

First of all I needed a failed connection event which triggers the startup of the database. In my case I took the message a listener produces on a connection of a not registered service. E.g.<\/p>\n

\nsqlplus cbleile\/@orclpdb1\n\nSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Apr 9 14:06:55 2020\nVersion 19.6.0.0.0\n\nCopyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.\n\nERROR:\nORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
With the default listener-logging, above connection produces a message like the following in the listener.log-file:<\/p>\n
\noracle@oracle-19c6-vagrant:\/opt\/oracle\/diag\/tnslsnr\/oracle-19c6-vagrant\/listener\/trace\/ [orclcdb (CDB$ROOT)] tail -2 listener.log \n09-APR-2020 14:06:55 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=ORCLPDB1)(CID=(PROGRAM=sqlplus)(HOST=oracle-19c6-vagrant)(USER=oracle))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=11348)) * establish * ORCLPDB1 * 12514\nTNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
or alternatively you may check listener alert-xml-logfile log.xml in the listener\/alert directory.
\nTo keep it easy, I used the listener.log file to check if such a failed connection came in.<\/p>\n
So now we just need a mechanism to check if we have a message in the listener.log and trigger the database-startup then.<\/p>\n
First I do create an application service on my PDB:<\/p>\n
\nalter system set container=pdb1;\nexec dbms_service.create_service('APP_PDB1','APP_PDB1');\nexec dbms_service.start_service('APP_PDB1');\nalter system register;\nalter pluggable database save state;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
REMARK1: Do not use the default service of a PDB when connecting with the application. ALWAYS create a service for the application.
\nREMARK2: By using the “save state” I do ensure that the service is started automatically on DB-startup.<\/p>\n
Secondly I created a tnsnames-alias, which retries the connection several times in case it fails initially:<\/p>\n
\nORCLPDB1_S =\n  (DESCRIPTION =\n  (CONNECT_TIMEOUT=10)(RETRY_COUNT=30)(RETRY_DELAY=2)\n   (ADDRESS_LIST =\n    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))\n   )\n    (CONNECT_DATA =\n      (SERVER = DEDICATED)\n      (SERVICE_NAME = APP_PDB1)\n    )\n  )\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Important are the parameters <\/p>\n
\n(RETRY_COUNT=30)(RETRY_DELAY=2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
I.e. in case of an error we do wait for 2 seconds and try again. We try 30 times to connect. That means we do have 60 seconds to start the database when the first connection comes in.<\/p>\n
The simple BASH-script below polls for the message of a failed connection and starts the database when such a message is in the listener.log:<\/p>\n
\n#!\/bin\/bash\n \n# Set the env for orclcdb\nexport ORAENV_ASK=NO\nexport ORACLE_SID=orclcdb\n. oraenv\n \n# Define where the listener log-file is\nLISTENER_LOG=\/opt\/oracle\/diag\/tnslsnr\/oracle-19c6-vagrant\/listener\/trace\/listener.log\n \n# create a fifo-file\nfifo=\/tmp\/tmpfifo.$$\nmkfifo \"${fifo}\" || exit 1\n \n# tail the listener.log and write to fifo in a background process\ntail -F -n0 $LISTENER_LOG >${fifo} &\ntailpid=$! # optional\n \n# check if a connection to service APP_PDB1 arrived and the listener returns a TNS-12514\n# TNS-12514 TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor\n# i.e. go ahead if we detect a line containing \"establish * APP_PDB1 * 12514\" in the listener.log\ngrep -i -m 1 \"establish * app_pdb1 * 12514\" \"${fifo}\"\n \n# if we get here a request to connect to service APP_PDB1 came in and the service is not \n# registered at the listener. We conclude then that the DB is down.\n \n# Do some cleanup by killing the tail-process and removing the fifo-file\nkill \"${tailpid}\" # optional\nrm \"${fifo}\"\n \n# Startup the DB\nsqlplus -S \/ as sysdba <<EOF\nstartup\nexit\nEOF\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
REMARK1: You may check the discussion here<\/a> on how to poll for a string in a file on Linux.
\nREMARK2: In production above script would probably need a trap in case of e.g. Ctrl-C’ing it to kill the background tail process and remove the tmpfifo file.<\/p>\n
Test: <\/strong><\/p>\n
The database is down.
\nIn session 1 I do start my simple bash-script:<\/p>\n
\noracle@oracle-19c6-vagrant:\/home\/oracle\/tools\/test_db_start_whenconnecting\/ [orclcdb (CDB$ROOT)] bash .\/poll_listener.bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
In session 2 I try to connect:<\/p>\n
\noracle@oracle-19c6-vagrant:\/home\/oracle\/ [orclcdb (CDB$ROOT)] sqlplus cbleile@orclpdb1_s\n \nSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Apr 9 14:33:11 2020\nVersion 19.6.0.0.0\n \nCopyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.\n \nEnter password: \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
After entering my password my connection-attempt “hangs”.
\nIn session 1 I can see the following messages:<\/p>\n
\n09-APR-2020 14:33:15 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=APP_PDB1)(CID=(PROGRAM=sqlplus)(HOST=oracle-19c6-vagrant)(USER=oracle))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=11592)) * establish * APP_PDB1 * 12514\nORACLE instance started.\n \nTotal System Global Area 3724537976 bytes\nFixed Size\t\t    9142392 bytes\nVariable Size\t\t 1224736768 bytes\nDatabase Buffers\t 2483027968 bytes\nRedo Buffers\t\t    7630848 bytes\nDatabase mounted.\nDatabase opened.\n.\/poll_listener.bash: line 38: 19096 Terminated              tail -F -n0 $LISTENER_LOG > ${fifo}\noracle@oracle-19c6-vagrant:\/home\/oracle\/tools\/test_db_start_whenconnecting\/ [orclcdb (CDB$ROOT)] \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
And session 2 automatically connects as the DB is open now:<\/p>\n
\noracle@oracle-19c6-vagrant:\/home\/oracle\/ [orclcdb (CDB$ROOT)] sqlplus cbleile@orclpdb1_s\n \nSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Apr 9 14:33:11 2020\nVersion 19.6.0.0.0\n \nCopyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.\n \nEnter password: \nLast Successful login time: Thu Apr 09 2020 14:31:44 +01:00\n \nConnected to:\nOracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production\nVersion 19.6.0.0.0\n \ncbleile@orclcdb@PDB1> \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
All subsequent connects the the DB are fast of course.<\/p>\n
With such a mechanism I could even think of starting a virtual machine from a common listener once such a connection arrives. I.e. this would even allow us to e.g. start DB-servers in the Cloud when a first connection from the application comes in. I.e. we could stop DB-VMs on the Cloud to save money and start them up with a terraform-script (or whatever CLI-tool you use to manage your Cloud) when a first DB-connection arrives.<\/p>\n
REMARK: With (Transparent) Application Continuity there are even more possibilities, but that feature requires RAC\/RAC One Node or Active Data Guard and is out of scope here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
To save resources I thought about the idea to start an Oracle database automatically when a first connection comes in. I.e. if there are many smaller databases on a server, which are not required during specific times, then we may shut them down and automatically start them when a connection comes in. 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