{"id":11902,"date":"2018-10-25T09:36:26","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T07:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/some-psql-features-you-are-maybe-not-aware-of\/"},"modified":"2018-10-25T09:36:26","modified_gmt":"2018-10-25T07:36:26","slug":"some-psql-features-you-are-maybe-not-aware-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/some-psql-features-you-are-maybe-not-aware-of\/","title":{"rendered":"Some psql features you are maybe not aware of"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It is the time of <a href=\"https:\/\/2018.pgconf.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The 10th Annual PostgreSQL Conference Europe<\/a>, so this is the perfect time to blog about some tips and tricks around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/static\/app-psql.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">psql<\/a> you&#8217;ll love. psql is such a powerful tool that you really should use it every day. It saves you so much work and is packed with features that makes your life so much easier. In this post we&#8217;ll look at some features you maybe didn&#8217;t know before.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Lets start with something very simple: You probably know the &#8220;\\l&#8221; shortcut to display all the databases:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# \\l\n                                 List of databases\n   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |   Access privileges   \n-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------\n postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | \n template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c\/postgres          +\n           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc\/postgres\n template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c\/postgres          +\n           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc\/postgres\n<\/pre>\n<p>Did you know you also can pass the shortcuts from your shell directly into psql?<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: bash; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres@pgbox:\/home\/postgres\/ [PGDEV] psql -c '\\l' postgres\n                                 List of databases\n   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |   Access privileges   \n-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------\n postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | \n template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c\/postgres          +\n           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc\/postgres\n template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c\/postgres          +\n           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc\/postgres\n<\/pre>\n<p>But there is even a faster way for retrieving that information:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres@pgbox:\/home\/postgres\/ [PGDEV] psql -l\n                                 List of databases\n   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |   Access privileges   \n-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+-----------------------\n postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | \n template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c\/postgres          +\n           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc\/postgres\n template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c\/postgres          +\n           |          |          |            |            | postgres=CTc\/postgres\n<\/pre>\n<p>Did you know you can log the complete psql session to a logfile?<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres@pgbox:\/home\/postgres\/ [PGDEV] psql -X -L \/var\/tmp\/log postgres\npsql (12devel)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\npostgres=# select 1;\n ?column? \n----------\n        1\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# select 2;\n ?column? \n----------\n        2\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# \\! cat \/var\/tmp\/log\n********* QUERY **********\nselect 1;\n**************************\n\n ?column? \n----------\n        1\n(1 row)\n\n********* QUERY **********\nselect 2;\n**************************\n\npostgres=# \n<\/pre>\n<p>You probably know that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/static\/sql-copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">copy<\/a> is the fastest way to get data into and out of PostgreSQL. Did you know you can copy from a program?<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# create table lottery ( draw_date date, winning_numbers text, mega_ball integer, multiplier integer );\nCREATE TABLE\npostgres=# copy lottery from \n                program 'curl https:\/\/data.ny.gov\/api\/views\/5xaw-6ayf\/rows.csv?accessType=DOWNLOAD' \n                with (header true, delimiter ',', format csv);\nCOPY 1713\npostgres=# select * from lottery limit 5;\n draw_date  | winning_numbers | mega_ball | multiplier \n------------+-----------------+-----------+------------\n 2002-05-17 | 15 18 25 33 47  |        30 |           \n 2002-05-21 | 04 28 39 41 44  |         9 |           \n 2002-05-24 | 02 04 32 44 52  |        36 |           \n 2002-05-28 | 06 21 22 29 32  |        24 |           \n 2002-05-31 | 12 28 45 46 52  |        47 |           \n(5 rows)\n<\/pre>\n<p>That basically means, whatever &#8220;program&#8221; you use: As long as the result is something psql understands you can use it.<\/p>\n<p>How often do you dynamically build SQL statements you want to execute right after? There is a quite effective solution for that in psql:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select 'create table t'||i||'( a int )' from generate_series(1,10) i; \\gexec\n         ?column?          \n---------------------------\n create table t1( a int )\n create table t2( a int )\n create table t3( a int )\n create table t4( a int )\n create table t5( a int )\n create table t6( a int )\n create table t7( a int )\n create table t8( a int )\n create table t9( a int )\n create table t10( a int )\n(10 rows)\n\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\nCREATE TABLE\n<\/pre>\n<p>Did you know you can store the result of a query into a variable and use that later in other statements?<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select 3 as var; \\gset\n var \n-----\n   3\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# \\echo :var\n3\npostgres=# select * from lottery where multiplier = :var;\n draw_date  | winning_numbers | mega_ball | multiplier \n------------+-----------------+-----------+------------\n 2011-02-18 | 05 06 07 30 45  |        42 |          3\n 2011-03-01 | 01 12 19 20 47  |        25 |          3\n 2011-04-01 | 13 14 35 36 53  |        19 |          3\n 2011-04-08 | 06 40 45 50 56  |        11 |          3\n 2011-04-15 | 22 23 33 39 48  |        29 |          3\n 2011-04-22 | 03 18 46 51 53  |        17 |          3\n 2011-04-26 | 19 29 32 38 55  |        15 |          3\n 2011-05-06 | 06 18 26 37 41  |         9 |          3\n 2011-05-24 | 09 12 21 42 43  |        42 |          3\n 2011-05-31 | 28 30 31 37 55  |        13 |          3\n 2011-06-03 | 20 23 41 49 53  |        31 |          3\n 2011-06-10 | 18 21 27 37 38  |         7 |          3\n...\n<\/pre>\n<p>The last one for today is one of my favorites: As with the Linux watch command you can watch in psql: <\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# select now();\n              now              \n-------------------------------\n 2018-10-23 21:57:17.298083+02\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=# \\watch\nTue 23 Oct 2018 09:57:19 PM CEST (every 2s)\n\n              now              \n-------------------------------\n 2018-10-23 21:57:19.277413+02\n(1 row)\n\nTue 23 Oct 2018 09:57:21 PM CEST (every 2s)\n\n              now              \n-------------------------------\n 2018-10-23 21:57:21.364605+02\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Btw: You can see that the PostgreSQL Conference Europe is a technical conference when you take a look at the exhibition area during the sessions: Almost empty \ud83d\ude42<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/IMG_20181025_100632_9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/IMG_20181025_100632_9.jpg\" alt=\"sdr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28900\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is the time of The 10th Annual PostgreSQL Conference Europe, so this is the perfect time to blog about some tips and tricks around psql you&#8217;ll love. psql is such a powerful tool that you really should use it every day. It saves you so much work and is packed with features that makes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":11904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[1323],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-11902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-postgresql-11"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Some psql features you are maybe not aware of - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/some-psql-features-you-are-maybe-not-aware-of\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Some psql features you are maybe not aware of\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is the time of The 10th Annual PostgreSQL Conference Europe, so this is the perfect time to blog about some tips and tricks around psql you&#8217;ll love. psql is such a powerful tool that you really should use it every day. 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