{"id":11371,"date":"2018-06-26T18:41:32","date_gmt":"2018-06-26T16:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/"},"modified":"2023-06-09T16:58:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T14:58:29","slug":"oracle-virtual-private-database","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle Virtual Private Database"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Mouhamadou Diaw<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD) enables you to dynamically add a WHERE clause in any SQL statement that a user executes. The WHERE clause filters the data the user is allowed to access, based on the identity of a user.
\nThis feature restricts row and column level data access by creating a policy that enforces a WHERE clause for all SQL statements that query the database. The WHERE clause allows only users whose identity passes the security policy, and hence, have access to the data that you want to protect. You create and manage the VPD policy at the database table or view level, which means that you do not modify the applications that access the database.
\nIn a multitenant environment, each Virtual Private Database policy applies only to the current pluggable database (PDB).
\nIn this blog we are going to use this functionality in a pluggable database 12.1
\nWe are going to setup a policy for the table emp of scott so that each user should be able to see only his own data. We present below contents of table emp of scott<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n
10<\/div>\n
11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n
17<\/div>\n
18<\/div>\n
19<\/div>\n
20<\/div>\n
21<\/div>\n
22<\/div>\n
23<\/div>\n
24<\/div>\n
25<\/div>\n
26<\/div>\n
27<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
SQL> show con_name<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
CON_NAME<\/code><\/div>\n
------------------------------<\/code><\/div>\n
PDB1<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>select<\/code> * <\/code>from<\/code> scott.emp;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7369 SMITH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7902 17-<\/code>DEC<\/code>-80\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 800\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7499 ALLEN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 20-FEB-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1600\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 300\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7521 WARD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 22-FEB-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1250\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 500\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7566 JONES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 02-APR-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2975\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7654 MARTIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 28-SEP-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1250\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1400\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7698 BLAKE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 01-MAY-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2850\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7782 CLARK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 09-JUN-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2450\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7788 SCOTT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ANALYST\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7566 19-APR-87\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7839 KING\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PRESIDENT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 17-NOV-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7844 TURNER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 08-SEP-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1500\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7876 ADAMS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7788 23-MAY-87\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1100\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7900 JAMES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 03-<\/code>DEC<\/code>-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 950\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7902 FORD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ANALYST\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7566 03-<\/code>DEC<\/code>-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7934 MILLER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7782 23-JAN-82\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1300\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
14 <\/code>rows<\/code> selected.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The first step is to create two users jones and miller for example and let\u2019s give them the required privileges<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
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28<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
SQL> <\/code>create<\/code> user<\/code> jones\u00a0 identified <\/code>by<\/code> root <\/code>default<\/code> tablespace users ;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
User<\/code> created.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>grant<\/code> select<\/code> on<\/code> scott.emp <\/code>to<\/code> jones;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Grant<\/code> succeeded.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>create<\/code> user<\/code> miller identified <\/code>by<\/code> root <\/code>default<\/code> tablespace users ;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
User<\/code> created.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>grant<\/code> select<\/code> on<\/code> scott.emp <\/code>to<\/code> miller;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Grant<\/code> succeeded.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>grant<\/code> create<\/code> session <\/code>to<\/code> jones;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Grant<\/code> succeeded.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>grant<\/code> create<\/code> session <\/code>to<\/code> miller;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Grant<\/code> succeeded.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Once users created, we have to create the function we will use to create the VPD policy<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
8<\/div>\n
9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
CREATE<\/code> OR<\/code> REPLACE<\/code> FUNCTION<\/code> emp_policy<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>(user_name <\/code>IN<\/code> VARCHAR2,tab_name <\/code>in<\/code> varchar2)<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>RETURN<\/code> VARCHAR2 <\/code>IS<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>BEGIN<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>RETURN<\/code> 'upper(ename) = SYS_CONTEXT('<\/code>'USERENV'<\/code>', '<\/code>'CURRENT_USER'<\/code>')'<\/code>;<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>END<\/code>;<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>\/<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Function<\/code> created.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

With this function Oracle will add for each query on the table emp the following clause<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
Where<\/code>\u00a0 upper<\/code>(ename) = SYS_CONTEXT(\u2019USERENV\u2019, \u2018<\/code>CURRENT_USER<\/code>\u2019)<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

when the VPD policy is set
\nNow let\u2019s create the VPD policy<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
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11<\/div>\n
12<\/div>\n
13<\/div>\n
14<\/div>\n
15<\/div>\n
16<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
SQL> show <\/code>user<\/code><\/div>\n
USER<\/code> is<\/code> \"SYSTEM\"<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n
BEGIN<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>SYS.DBMS_RLS.ADD_POLICY(<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>object_schema\u00a0\u00a0 => <\/code>'scott'<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>object_name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 => <\/code>'emp'<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>policy_name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 => <\/code>'emp_vpd_policy'<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>function_schema => <\/code>'system'<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>policy_function => <\/code>'emp_policy'<\/code>,<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>statement_types => <\/code>'select'<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>);<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>END<\/code>;<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/code>11\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
PL\/SQL <\/code>procedure<\/code> successfully completed.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

And then we can test that each user can see only his own data<\/p>\n

With user miller<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
1<\/div>\n
2<\/div>\n
3<\/div>\n
4<\/div>\n
5<\/div>\n
6<\/div>\n
7<\/div>\n
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\n
\n
[oracle@em13c wallet]$ rlwrap sqlplus miller\/root@pdb1<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production <\/code>on<\/code> Tue Jun 26 17:39:18 2018<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.\u00a0 <\/code>All<\/code> rights reserved.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Last<\/code> Successful login <\/code>time<\/code>: Tue Jun 26 2018 17:34:57 +02:00<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Connected <\/code>to<\/code>:<\/code><\/div>\n
Oracle <\/code>Database<\/code> 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production<\/code><\/div>\n
With<\/code> the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics <\/code>and<\/code> Real<\/code> Application Testing options<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>select<\/code> * <\/code>from<\/code> scott.emp ;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7934 MILLER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7782 23-JAN-82\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1300<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>10<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> exit<\/code><\/div>\n
Disconnected <\/code>from<\/code> Oracle <\/code>Database<\/code> 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production<\/code><\/div>\n
With<\/code> the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics <\/code>and<\/code> Real<\/code> Application Testing options<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

With user jones<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
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\n
\n
[oracle@em13c wallet]$ rlwrap sqlplus jones\/root@pdb1<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production <\/code>on<\/code> Tue Jun 26 17:39:25 2018<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.\u00a0 <\/code>All<\/code> rights reserved.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Last<\/code> Successful login <\/code>time<\/code>: Tue Jun 26 2018 17:34:33 +02:00<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Connected <\/code>to<\/code>:<\/code><\/div>\n
Oracle <\/code>Database<\/code> 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production<\/code><\/div>\n
With<\/code> the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics <\/code>and<\/code> Real<\/code> Application Testing options<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>select<\/code> * <\/code>from<\/code> scott.emp ;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7566 JONES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 02-APR-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2975<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>20<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

But there is a problem now, because VPD is enforced by default for all users except those connected with SYSDBA privilege. This mean that if we connect for example with SYSTEM, we will not see any data<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
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\n
\n
SQL> show <\/code>user<\/code><\/div>\n
USER<\/code> is<\/code> \"SYSTEM\"<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL> show con_name<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
CON_NAME<\/code><\/div>\n
------------------------------<\/code><\/div>\n
PDB1<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>select<\/code> * <\/code>from<\/code> scott.emp;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
no<\/code> rows<\/code> selected<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

To exempt SYSTEM to VPD we have to grant him the EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
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\n
\n
SQL> show con_name<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
CON_NAME<\/code><\/div>\n
------------------------------<\/code><\/div>\n
PDB1<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>grant<\/code> EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY <\/code>to<\/code> system;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Grant<\/code> succeeded.<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

And then login again whith SYSTEM<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
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55<\/div>\n
56<\/div>\n
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62<\/div>\n
63<\/div>\n
64<\/div>\n
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70<\/div>\n
71<\/div>\n
72<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\n
SQL> show <\/code>user<\/code><\/div>\n
USER<\/code> is<\/code> \"SYSTEM\"<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL> <\/code>select<\/code> * <\/code>from<\/code> scott.emp;<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7369 SMITH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7902 17-<\/code>DEC<\/code>-80\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 800<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>20<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7499 ALLEN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 20-FEB-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1600\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 300<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>30<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7521 WARD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 22-FEB-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1250\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 500<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>30<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7566 JONES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 02-APR-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2975<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>20<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7654 MARTIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 28-SEP-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1250\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1400<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>30<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7698 BLAKE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 01-MAY-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2850<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>30<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7782 CLARK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MANAGER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7839 09-JUN-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2450<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>10<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7788 SCOTT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ANALYST\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7566 19-APR-87\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3000<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>20<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7839 KING\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PRESIDENT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 17-NOV-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5000<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>10<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7844 TURNER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALESMAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 08-SEP-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1500\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>30<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7876 ADAMS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7788 23-MAY-87\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1100<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>20<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7900 JAMES\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7698 03-<\/code>DEC<\/code>-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 950<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>30<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>EMPNO ENAME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 JOB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MGR HIREDATE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 COMM<\/code><\/div>\n
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>DEPTNO<\/code><\/div>\n
----------<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7902 FORD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ANALYST\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7566 03-<\/code>DEC<\/code>-81\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3000<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>20<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>7934 MILLER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLERK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7782 23-JAN-82\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1300<\/code><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/code>10<\/code><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
14 <\/code>rows<\/code> selected.<\/code><\/div>\n
SQL><\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Mouhamadou Diaw Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD) enables you to dynamically add a WHERE clause in any SQL statement that a user executes. The WHERE clause filters the data the user is allowed to access, based on the identity of a user. This feature restricts row and column level data access by creating a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[1379,1384,353,1385],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-11371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-oracle-12-1","tag-oracle-security","tag-pluggable-database","tag-virtual-private-database"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOracle Virtual Private Database - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"oracle security, virtual private database, oracle 12.1 , pluggable database\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oracle Virtual Private Database\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"oracle security, virtual private database, oracle 12.1 , pluggable database\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dbi Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-26T16:41:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-09T14:58:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Oracle Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Oracle Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Oracle Team\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/66ab87129f2d357f09971bc7936a77ee\"},\"headline\":\"Oracle Virtual Private Database\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-26T16:41:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-09T14:58:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/\"},\"wordCount\":334,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"oracle 12.1\",\"oracle security\",\"Pluggable Database\",\"virtual private database\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Database Administration & Monitoring\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/oracle-virtual-private-database\/\",\"name\":\"Oracle Virtual Private Database - 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