.
\nWhen the documentation is not always clear, I prefer to build a test case to be sure about the behavior in different context and different versions. Here is a test on SQL Plan Management to show which plan is chosen among the different states of SQL Plan Baselines: Enabled, Accepted, Fixed. Thanks to Oracle ACE program, I have some Oracle Cloud credits to quickly provision a database, so I tested that on Oracle 18c.
\n
\nFor this test, I’ve created a table:<\/p>\n
\ncreate table DEMO as select rownum n from xmltable('1 to 10000');\n<\/code><\/pre>\nwith 8 indexes:<\/p>\n
\nexec for i in 1..8 loop execute immediate 'create index DEMO'||i||' on DEMO(n,'||i||')'; end loop;\n<\/code><\/pre>\nand a procedure to query it several times, setting random costs for the indexes, with only one cheapest:<\/p>\n
\ncreate or replace procedure runplans(n number) as\n dummy number;\nbegin\n-- run all this 30 times\nfor k in 1..30 loop\n run from index DEMO1 to DEMOt with one of them cheaper each time\n for t in 1..n loop\n -- set random cost for all indexes\n for i in 1..8 loop dbms_stats.set_index_stats(user,'DEMO'||i,indlevel=>round(dbms_random.value(10,100)),no_invalidate=>true); end loop;\n -- set cheap cost for index DEMOt\n dbms_stats.set_index_stats(user,'DEMO'||t,indlevel=>1,no_invalidate=>true);\n -- change some parameters to parse new child\n execute immediate 'alter session set optimizer_index_caching='||(t*8+k);\n -- query with an index hint but not specifying the index so the cheaper is chosen\n select \/*+ index(DEMO) *\/ n into dummy from DEMO where n=1;\n end loop;\nend loop;\nend;\n\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSo you understand the idea: have 8 possible execution plans, with one cheaper than the others. And the goal is to see which one is chosen depending of the state of the SQL Plan Baseline.<\/p>\n
I will play with the baselines and will display the cursor execution with the following SQLcl alias:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> alias sqlpb=select sql_id,plan_hash_value,sum(executions),sql_plan_baseline,id,object_name from v$sql join v$sql_plan using(sql_id,plan_hash_value,child_number) where sql_text like 'SELECT % FROM DEMO%' and id=1 group by sql_id,plan_hash_value,sql_plan_baseline,id,object_name order by 3;\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSo, I call my procedure to run the query 30 times when index DEMO1 is the cheapest:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> exec runplans(1)\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n<\/code><\/pre>\nHere is my alias to show the 30 executions using DEMO1 (object_name from v$sqlplan):<\/p>\n
\nSQL> sqlpb\n\u00a0\nSQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE SUM(EXECUTIONS) SQL_PLAN_BASELINE ID OBJECT_NAME\n------------- --------------- --------------- -------------------- -- -----------\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 3739632713 30 1 DEMO1\n<\/code><\/pre>\nI load this to SPM<\/p>\n
\nSQL> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.load_plans_from_cursor_cache(sql_id=>'gqnkn2d17zjvv'));\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n<\/code><\/pre>\nHere is my SQL Plan Baseline, enabled and accepted:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> select plan_name,enabled,accepted,fixed,executions from dba_sql_plan_baselines;\n\u00a0\nPLAN_NAME ENABLED ACCEPTED FIXED EXECUTIONS\n------------------------------ ------- -------- ----- ----------\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu97e16a35 YES YES NO 30\n<\/code><\/pre>\nNow I run my procedure to run 30 times the cursor and for each, 8 times with one different index being the cheapest:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> exec runplans(8)\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSo all executions have used the only one SQL Plan Baseline which is enabled and accepted:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> sqlpb\n\u00a0\nSQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE SUM(EXECUTIONS) SQL_PLAN_BASELINE ID OBJECT_NAME\n------------- --------------- --------------- --------------------------------- -- -----------\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 3739632713 232 SQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu97e16a35 1 DEMO1\n<\/code><\/pre>\nAnd the other plans (because only 8 of them had this DEMO1 plan being the cheapest) were loaded, enabled but not accepted:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> select plan_name,enabled,accepted,fixed,executions from dba_sql_plan_baselines;\n\u00a0\nPLAN_NAME ENABLED ACCEPTED FIXED EXECUTIONS\n------------------------------ ------- -------- ----- ----------\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu287d1344 YES NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu452ab005 YES NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu4564f9cd YES NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu4cdc9ee7 YES NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu5353a77e YES NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu97e16a35 YES YES NO 30\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vuc6a3f323 YES NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vufb8f9e5a YES NO NO 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\nNow, I change the status of the baselines to get all combinations of enabled, fixed and accepted, and in addition to that change the plan name to tne line of plan which differs:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> begin\n 2 for i in (select rownum n,plan_name from dba_sql_plan_baselines) loop\n 3 if i.n in (2,4,6,8) then dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.evolve_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,verify=>'no',commit=>'yes')); end if;\n 4 if i.n in (1,2,5,6) then dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,attribute_name=>'enabled',attribute_value=>'no')); end if;\n 5 if i.n in (5,6,7,8) then dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,attribute_name=>'fixed',attribute_value=>'yes')); end if;\n 6 for p in ( select plan_table_output from dbms_xplan.display_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,format=>'basic') where plan_table_output like '%| DEMO%' ) loop\n 7 dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,attribute_name=>'plan_name',attribute_value=>p.plan_table_output));\n 8 end loop;\n 9 end loop;\n 10 end;\n 11 \/\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSo here they are, with their new name:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> select plan_name,enabled,accepted,fixed,executions from dba_sql_plan_baselines;\n\u00a0\nPLAN_NAME ENABLED ACCEPTED FIXED EXECUTIONS\n---------------------------------- ------- -------- ----- ----------\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO4 | NO NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO3 | NO YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO2 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO6 | YES YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO5 | NO NO YES 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO1 | NO YES YES 30\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO8 | YES NO YES 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO7 | YES YES YES 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\nFixed plans have priority<\/h3>\n
I flush the shared pool and run my 240 statements again:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> alter system flush shared_pool;\nSystem FLUSH altered\nSQL> exec runplans(8)\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n<\/code><\/pre>\nHere is the result in V$SQL, only one plan used for all those executions:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> sqlpb\n\u00a0\nSQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE SUM(EXECUTIONS) SQL_PLAN_BASELINE ID OBJECT_NAME\n------------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------------- -- -----------\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 1698325646 240 | 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO7 | 1 DEMO7\n<\/code><\/pre>\nThe only possible plans are those that are enabled and accepted, which are the DEMO6 and DEMO7 ones. However, fixed plans have a priority, so even when the CBO came with the DEMO6 plan it was not used. When there are fixed enabled accepted SQL Plan Baseline, those are the only one considered.<\/p>\n
Enabled and Accepted are used<\/h3>\n
Now setting all fixed attribute to no:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> begin\n 2 for i in (select rownum n,plan_name from dba_sql_plan_baselines) loop\n 3 dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,attribute_name=>'fixed',attribute_value=>'no'));\n 4 end loop;\n 5 end;\n 6 \/\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n\u00a0\nSQL> select plan_name,enabled,accepted,fixed,executions from dba_sql_plan_baselines;\nPLAN_NAME ENABLED ACCEPTED FIXED EXECUTIONS\n---------------------------------- ------- -------- ----- ----------\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO4 | NO NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO3 | NO YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO2 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO6 | YES YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO5 | NO NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO1 | NO YES NO 30\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO8 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO7 | YES YES NO 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\nHere is another run:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> alter system flush shared_pool;\nSystem FLUSH altered.\nSQL> exec runplans(8)\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n\u00a0\nSQL> sqlpb\n\u00a0\nSQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE SUM(EXECUTIONS) SQL_PLAN_BASELINE ID OBJECT_NAME\n------------- --------------- --------------- ------------------------------------- -- -----------\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 1698325646 95 | 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO7 | 1 DEMO7\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 3449379882 145 | 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO6 | 1 DEMO6\n<\/code><\/pre>\nNow that there are no fixed plans taking the priority, all enabled and accepted plans are possible, but only them.<\/p>\n
All possible plans in the baseline but none enabled and accepted<\/h3>\n
Then what happens when all possible plans are in the SQL Plan Baseline but none of them are both enabled and accepted?<\/p>\n
\nSQL> begin\n 2 for i in (select rownum n,plan_name from dba_sql_plan_baselines where accepted='YES') loop\n 3 dbms_output.put_line(dbms_spm.alter_sql_plan_baseline(plan_name=>i.plan_name,attribute_name=>'enabled',attribute_value=>'no'));\n 4 end loop;\n 5 end;\n 6 \/\n\u00a0\nSQL> select plan_name,enabled,accepted,fixed,executions from dba_sql_plan_baselines;\n\u00a0\nPLAN_NAME ENABLED ACCEPTED FIXED EXECUTIONS\n---------------------------------- ------- -------- ----- ----------\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO4 | NO NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO3 | NO YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO2 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO6 | NO YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO5 | NO NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO1 | NO YES NO 30\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO8 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO7 | NO YES NO 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\nSo all combinations of indexes are there (and my query forces index access with a hint) but none are accepted and enabled.<\/p>\n
\nSQL> alter system flush shared_pool;\nSystem FLUSH altered.\nSQL> exec runplans(8)\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n\u00a0\nSQL> sqlpb\nSQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE SUM(EXECUTIONS) SQL_PLAN_BASELINE ID OBJECT_NAME\n------------- --------------- --------------- -------------------- -- -----------\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 3739632713 8 1 DEMO1\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 4234411015 16 1 DEMO2\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 2199479965 24 1 DEMO3\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 1698325646 30 1 DEMO7\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 3449379882 30 1 DEMO6\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 2144220082 30 1 DEMO5\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 918903766 30 1 DEMO4\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 39208404 72 1 DEMO8\n<\/code><\/pre>\nWhen there are no enabled and accepted plans, then anything is possible and each execution keeps the one the CBO came with.<\/p>\n
None enabled and accepted, but new plan possible<\/h3>\n
Now, in order to have a new plan possible I’ll still run the same query but after dropping all indexes.<\/p>\n
\nSQL> exec for i in 1..8 loop execute immediate 'drop index DEMO'||i; end loop;\nPL\/SQL procedure successfully completed.\n<\/code><\/pre>\nI’ve run the same as before but without the dbms_stats calls.<\/p>\n
Here all executions have run with the only possible plan: a full table scan:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> select sql_id,plan_hash_value,sum(executions),sql_plan_baseline,id,object_name from v$sql join v$sql_plan using(sql_id,plan_hash_value,child_number) where sql_text like 'SELECT % FROM DEMO%' and id=1 group by sql_id,plan_hash_value,sql_plan_baseline,id,object_name order by 3\n\u00a0\nSQL_ID PLAN_HASH_VALUE SUM(EXECUTIONS) SQL_PLAN_BASELINE ID OBJECT_NAME\n------------- --------------- --------------- -------------------- -- -----------\ngqnkn2d17zjvv 4000794843 29 1 DEMO\n<\/code><\/pre>\nthis plan has been added, enabled but not accepted, to the SQL Plan Baseline:<\/p>\n
\nSQL> select plan_name,enabled,accepted,fixed,executions from dba_sql_plan_baselines;\n\u00a0\nPLAN_NAME ENABLED ACCEPTED FIXED EXECUTIONS\n------------- --------------- --------------- -------------------- -- -----------\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO4 | NO NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO3 | NO YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO2 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO6 | NO YES NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO5 | NO NO NO 0\nSQL_PLAN_dcc9d14j7k1vu838f84a8 YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO1 | NO YES NO 30\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO8 | YES NO NO 0\n| 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| DEMO7 | NO YES NO 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\nNot accepted means that it cannot be used. But as there are no other plan possible, it will be used anyway.<\/p>\n
In summary:
\nFixed plans are like telling to the optimizer: You must use one of these.
\nEnabled accepted plans are like telling the optimizer: You should use one of these.
\nDisabled or non-accepted plans are like telling the optimizer: Try to find another plan.
\nThe optimizer will always come with a plan, so if the rules cannot be applied, the optimizer best-estimated plan is used. It may be a non-enabled or non-accepted plan. Or it can be a new plan, which will then be added as non accepted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
By Franck Pachot . When the documentation is not always clear, I prefer to build a test case to be sure about the behavior in different context and different versions. Here is a test on SQL Plan Management to show which plan is chosen among the different states of SQL Plan Baselines: Enabled, Accepted, Fixed. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[1184,664],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-11010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oracle","tag-oracle-18c","tag-spm"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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When the documentation is not always clear, I prefer to build a test case to be sure about the behavior in different context and different versions. Here is a test on SQL Plan Management to show which plan is chosen among the different states of SQL Plan Baselines: Enabled, Accepted, Fixed. 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