As you know, foreign keys establish a sort of relationship between 2 tables. MySQL requires InnoDB storage engine to support foreign keys.<\/p>\n
In our example, we have the following parent table in a MySQL 5.7.21 server:<\/p>\n
mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> show create table actorG\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n Table: actor\nCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `actor` (\n `actor_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n `first_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,\n `last_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,\n `last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,\n PRIMARY KEY (`actor_id`),\n KEY `idx_actor_last_name` (`last_name`)\n) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=201 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
and a foreign key is defined on the child table by using the \u201cFOREIGN KEY\u2026 REFERENCES\u201d syntax:<\/p>\n
mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> show create table film_actorG\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n Table: film_actor\nCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `film_actor` (\n `actor_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,\n `film_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,\n `last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,\n PRIMARY KEY (`actor_id`,`film_id`),\n KEY `idx_fk_film_id` (`film_id`),\n CONSTRAINT `fk_film_actor_actor` FOREIGN KEY (`actor_id`) REFERENCES `actor` (`actor_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE,\n CONSTRAINT `fk_film_actor_film` FOREIGN KEY (`film_id`) REFERENCES `film` (`film_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
The \u201cON UPDATE CASCADE\u201d clause means that if we update values in the parent table (\u2018actor\u2019 in our example),<\/p>\n
mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> select * from actor where actor_id=1;\n+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------+\n| actor_id | first_name | last_name | last_update |\n+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------+\n| 1 | PENELOPE | GUINESS | 2006-02-15 04:34:33 |\n+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\nmysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> select * from film_actor where actor_id=1;\n+----------+---------+---------------------+\n| actor_id | film_id | last_update |\n+----------+---------+---------------------+\n| 1 | 1 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 23 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 25 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 106 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 140 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 166 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 277 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 361 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 438 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 499 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 506 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 509 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 605 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 635 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 749 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 832 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 939 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 970 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 1 | 980 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n+----------+---------+---------------------+\n19 rows in set (0.00 sec)\nmysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> update actor set actor_id=300 where actor_id=1;\nQuery OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)\nRows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
then this will cause an automatic update of the matching rows in the child table (\u2018film_actor\u2019):<\/p>\n
mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> select * from actor where actor_id=1;\nEmpty set (0.00 sec)\nmysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> select * from film_actor where actor_id=1;\nEmpty set (0.00 sec)\nmysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> select * from actor where actor_id=300;\n+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------+\n| actor_id | first_name | last_name | last_update |\n+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------+\n| 300 | PENELOPE | GUINESS | 2018-02-07 15:41:45 |\n+----------+------------+-----------+---------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\nmysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> select * from film_actor where actor_id=300;\n+----------+---------+---------------------+\n| actor_id | film_id | last_update |\n+----------+---------+---------------------+\n| 300 | 1 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 23 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 25 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 106 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 140 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 166 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 277 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 361 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 438 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 499 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 506 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 509 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 605 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 635 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 749 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 832 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 939 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 970 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n| 300 | 980 | 2006-02-15 05:05:03 |\n+----------+---------+---------------------+\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Sometimes, when we must drop an InnoDB table in MySQL, we could encounter the following error due to foreign keys:<\/p>\n
mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> drop table actor;\nERROR 1217 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
In this example, the \u2018actor\u2019 table is referenced by the \u2018film_actor\u2019 one:<\/p>\n
mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> SELECT TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME, REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME,REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME\n -> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE\n -> WHERE REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA = 'sakila'\n -> AND REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME = 'actor';\n+------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+\n| TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | CONSTRAINT_NAME | REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME | REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME |\n+------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+\n| film_actor | actor_id | fk_film_actor_actor | actor | actor_id |\n+------------+-------------+---------------------+-----------------------+------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.01 sec)\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
This foreign key constraint let data being consistent over different tables and that\u2019s also the reason why we could not drop the parent table.
\nWe can find this same information and the error cause displaying the state of the InnoDB storage engine through the \u201cSHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\u201d command:<\/p>\nmysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> show engine innodb statusG\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n Type: InnoDB\n Name:\nStatus:\n=====================================\n2018-02-07 15:44:34 0x7fb734174700 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT\n=====================================\nPer second averages calculated from the last 46 seconds\n-----------------\nBACKGROUND THREAD\n-----------------\nsrv_master_thread loops: 84 srv_active, 0 srv_shutdown, 85720 srv_idle\nsrv_master_thread log flush and writes: 85803\n----------\nSEMAPHORES\n----------\nOS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 1607\nOS WAIT ARRAY INFO: signal count 1552\nRW-shared spins 0, rounds 757, OS waits 384\nRW-excl spins 0, rounds 342, OS waits 11\nRW-sx spins 2, rounds 60, OS waits 1\nSpin rounds per wait: 757.00 RW-shared, 342.00 RW-excl, 30.00 RW-sx\n------------------------\nLATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR\n------------------------\n2018-02-07 15:42:45 0x7fb734174700 Cannot drop table `sakila`.`actor`\nbecause it is referenced by `sakila`.`film_actor`\n...\n<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
To avoid these constraint errors during table deletion, there are different solutions:
\n– Drop table in the correct order (child table first, parent table as the last one)
\n– In case of a loop in foreign keys, remove this loop and redefine tables structure before dropping tables
\n– You can also temporarily set \u201cFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0\u201d, drop the table and put again \u201cFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1\u201d, but I don\u2019t recommend using this method (especially in a production environment!)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As you know, foreign keys establish a sort of relationship between 2 tables. MySQL requires InnoDB storage engine to support foreign keys. In our example, we have the following parent table in a MySQL 5.7.21 server: mysqld3-(root@localhost) [sakila]> show create table actorG *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: actor Create Table: CREATE TABLE `actor` ( `actor_id` […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229,1316],"tags":[144],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-11009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","category-mysql","tag-mysql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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