{"id":10386,"date":"2017-07-28T13:31:02","date_gmt":"2017-07-28T11:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/"},"modified":"2017-07-28T13:31:02","modified_gmt":"2017-07-28T11:31:02","slug":"setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As you might know you can set various parameters on the session level in PostgreSQL by using the &#8220;set&#8221; command:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# h set\nCommand:     SET\nDescription: change a run-time parameter\nSyntax:\nSET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }\nSET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT }\n<\/pre>\n<p>This allows a session to adjust parameters at runtime and can be a handy way for on the fly configuration when you need special settings. Wouldn&#8217;t it be great if we could have a default set of parameters for a role or user?  Maybe there is one user who needs a special setting for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/static\/runtime-config-resource.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">work_mem<\/a> and another one who needs a special setting for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/static\/runtime-config-client.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">search_path<\/a>. Instead of setting that each time after the connect in the session you can also do that on the server side.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Lets create to users, user a and user b:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# create user a login password 'a';\nCREATE ROLE\npostgres=# create user b login password 'b';\nCREATE ROLE\npostgres=# du\n                                   List of roles\n Role name |                         Attributes                         | Member of \n-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------\n a         |                                                            | {}\n b         |                                                            | {}\n postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}\n<\/pre>\n<p>When we want a special setting for work_mem every time user a creates a new connection and a special setting for search_path every time user b creates a connection we can do it like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# alter user a set work_mem = '1MB';\nALTER ROLE\npostgres=# alter user b set search_path='b';\nALTER ROLE\npostgres=# \n<\/pre>\n<p>When user a connects from now on:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=# c postgres a\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"a\".\npostgres=&gt; show work_mem;\n work_mem \n----------\n 1MB\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>When user b connects from now on:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=&gt; c postgres b\nYou are now connected to database \"postgres\" as user \"b\".\npostgres=&gt; show search_path ;\n search_path \n-------------\n b\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Notice that this does not prevent a user from overriding the setting:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=&gt; select current_user;\n current_user \n--------------\n b\n(1 row)\n\npostgres=&gt; set search_path=c;\nSET\npostgres=&gt; show search_path ;\n search_path \n-------------\n c\n(1 row)\n<\/pre>\n<p>&#8230; this is more meant as setting defaults that differ from the main server configuration where it makes sense. And how can you know then which settings are configured for a specific role? Easy, there is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/static\/view-pg-roles.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pg_roles<\/a>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: sql; gutter: true; first-line: 1\">\npostgres=&gt; select rolname,rolconfig from pg_roles where rolname in ('a','b');\n rolname |    rolconfig    \n---------+-----------------\n a       | {work_mem=1MB}\n b       | {search_path=b}\n(2 rows)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Good to know&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As you might know you can set various parameters on the session level in PostgreSQL by using the &#8220;set&#8221; command: postgres=# h set Command: SET Description: change a run-time parameter Syntax: SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | &#8216;value&#8217; | DEFAULT } SET [ SESSION | LOCAL [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[77],"type_dbi":[],"class_list":["post-10386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database-administration-monitoring","tag-postgresql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL - dbi Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As you might know you can set various parameters on the session level in PostgreSQL by using the &#8220;set&#8221; command: postgres=# h set Command: SET Description: change a run-time parameter Syntax: SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | &#039;value&#039; | DEFAULT } SET [ SESSION | LOCAL [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dbi Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-07-28T11:31:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel Westermann\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@westermanndanie\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Westermann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Westermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66\"},\"headline\":\"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-07-28T11:31:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/\"},\"wordCount\":229,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Database Administration &amp; 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He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &amp;\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). His branch-related experience mainly covers the pharma industry, the financial sector, energy, lottery and telecommunications.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/westermanndanie\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/author\/daniel-westermann\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL - dbi Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL","og_description":"As you might know you can set various parameters on the session level in PostgreSQL by using the &#8220;set&#8221; command: postgres=# h set Command: SET Description: change a run-time parameter Syntax: SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT } SET [ SESSION | LOCAL [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/","og_site_name":"dbi Blog","article_published_time":"2017-07-28T11:31:02+00:00","author":"Daniel Westermann","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@westermanndanie","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Daniel Westermann","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/"},"author":{"name":"Daniel Westermann","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66"},"headline":"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL","datePublished":"2017-07-28T11:31:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/"},"wordCount":229,"commentCount":0,"keywords":["PostgreSQL"],"articleSection":["Database Administration &amp; Monitoring"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/","url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/","name":"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL - dbi Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2017-07-28T11:31:02+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/setting-up-default-parameters-for-roles-in-postgresql\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Setting up default parameters for roles in PostgreSQL"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/","name":"dbi Blog","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.dbi-services.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8d08e9bd996a89bd75c0286cbabf3c66","name":"Daniel Westermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/31350ceeecb1dd8986339a29bf040d4cd3cd087d410deccd8f55234466d6c317?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/31350ceeecb1dd8986339a29bf040d4cd3cd087d410deccd8f55234466d6c317?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/31350ceeecb1dd8986339a29bf040d4cd3cd087d410deccd8f55234466d6c317?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Daniel Westermann"},"description":"Daniel Westermann is Principal Consultant and Technology Leader Open Infrastructure at dbi services. He has more than 15 years of experience in management, engineering and optimization of databases and infrastructures, especially on Oracle and PostgreSQL. Since the beginning of his career, he has specialized in Oracle Technologies and is Oracle Certified Professional 12c and Oracle Certified Expert RAC\/GridInfra. Over time, Daniel has become increasingly interested in open source technologies, becoming \u201cTechnology Leader Open Infrastructure\u201d and PostgreSQL expert. \u00a0Based on community or EnterpriseDB tools, he develops and installs complex high available solutions with PostgreSQL. He is also a certified PostgreSQL Plus 9.0 Professional and a Postgres Advanced Server 9.4 Professional. He is a regular speaker at PostgreSQL conferences in Switzerland and Europe. Today Daniel is also supporting our customers on AWS services such as AWS RDS, database migrations into the cloud, EC2 and automated infrastructure management with AWS SSM (System Manager). He is a certified AWS Solutions Architect Professional. Prior to dbi services, Daniel was Management System Engineer at LC SYSTEMS-Engineering AG in Basel. Before that, he worked as Oracle Developper &amp;\u00a0Project Manager at Delta Energy Solutions AG in Basel (today Powel AG). Daniel holds a diploma in Business Informatics (DHBW, Germany). 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