Introduction
Unit testing is a fundamental practice in software development, ensuring that individual components function correctly. When working with PostgreSQL, testing database logic—such as functions, triggers, and constraints—is crucial for maintaining data integrity and reliability. One powerful tool for this purpose is pgTAP.
pgTAP is a PostgreSQL extension that provides a set of TAP (Test Anything Protocol) functions for writing unit tests directly in SQL. It allows developers to test database functions, schemas, constraints, and much more in an automated and repeatable way.
Installing pgTAP
Before using pgTAP, you need to install it on your PostgreSQL instance. You can install it from source as follows:
10:18:56 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/ [sw] wget https://api.pgxn.org/dist/pgtap/1.3.3/pgtap-1.3.3.zip .
--2025-04-02 10:19:53-- https://api.pgxn.org/dist/pgtap/1.3.3/pgtap-1.3.3.zip
Resolving api.pgxn.org (api.pgxn.org)... 88.198.49.178
Connecting to api.pgxn.org (api.pgxn.org)|88.198.49.178|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 329966 (322K) [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘pgtap-1.3.3.zip’
pgtap-1.3.3.zip 100%[============================================================================>] 322.23K --.-KB/s in 0.1s
2025-04-02 10:19:54 (3.18 MB/s) - ‘pgtap-1.3.3.zip’ saved [329966/329966]
--2025-04-02 10:19:54-- http://./
Resolving . (.)... failed: No address associated with hostname.
wget: unable to resolve host address ‘.’
FINISHED --2025-04-02 10:19:54--
Total wall clock time: 0.4s
Downloaded: 1 files, 322K in 0.1s (3.18 MB/s)
10:19:54 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/ [sw] unzip pgtap-1.3.3.zip
Archive: pgtap-1.3.3.zip
b941782fada240afdb7057065eb3261a21e8512c
creating: pgtap-1.3.3/
inflating: pgtap-1.3.3/Changes
...
...
10:20:11 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/ [sw] cd pgtap-1.3.3/
11:11:58 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] make
GNUmake running against Postgres version 17.0, with pg_config located at /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/bin
Makefile:186: To use pg_prove, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP Perl module
Makefile:187: must be installed from CPAN. To do so, simply run:
Makefile:188: cpan TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP
cp sql/pgtap--0.95.0--0.96.0.sql.in sql/pgtap--0.95.0--0.96.0.sql
cp sql/pgtap--0.96.0--0.97.0.sql.in sql/pgtap--0.96.0--0.97.0.sql
cp sql/pgtap--0.97.0--0.98.0.sql.in sql/pgtap--0.97.0--0.98.0.sql
cp sql/pgtap--0.98.0--0.99.0.sql.in sql/pgtap--0.98.0--0.99.0.sql
cp sql/pgtap--0.99.0--1.0.0.sql.in sql/pgtap--0.99.0--1.0.0.sql
cp sql/pgtap.sql.in sql/pgtap.sql
sed -e 's,MODULE_PATHNAME,$libdir/pgtap,g' -e 's,__OS__,linux,g' -e 's,__VERSION__,1.3,g' sql/pgtap.sql > sql/pgtap.tmp
mv sql/pgtap.tmp sql/pgtap.sql
'/usr/bin/perl' -e 'for (grep { /^CREATE /} reverse <>) { chomp; s/CREATE (OR REPLACE )?/DROP /; s/DROP (FUNCTION|VIEW|TYPE) /DROP $1 IF EXISTS /; s/ (DEFAUL T|=)[ ]+[a-zA-Z0-9]+//g; print "$_;\n" }' sql/pgtap.sql > sql/uninstall_pgtap.sql
cp sql/pgtap.sql.in sql/pgtap-static.sql.tmp
*** Patching pgtap-static.sql with compat/install-9.6.patch
patching file sql/pgtap-static.sql.tmp
*** Patching pgtap-static.sql with compat/install-9.4.patch
patching file sql/pgtap-static.sql.tmp
*** Patching pgtap-static.sql with compat/install-9.2.patch
patching file sql/pgtap-static.sql.tmp
*** Patching pgtap-static.sql with compat/install-9.1.patch
patching file sql/pgtap-static.sql.tmp
sed -e 's#MODULE_PATHNAME#$libdir/pgtap#g' -e 's#__OS__#linux#g' -e 's#__VERSION__#1.3#g' sql/pgtap-static.sql.tmp > sql/pgtap-static.sql
'/usr/bin/perl' compat/gencore 0 sql/pgtap-static.sql > sql/pgtap-core.sql
'/usr/bin/perl' compat/gencore 1 sql/pgtap-static.sql > sql/pgtap-schema.sql
cp sql/pgtap.sql sql/pgtap--1.3.3.sql
cp sql/pgtap-core.sql sql/pgtap-core--1.3.3.sql
cp sql/pgtap-schema.sql sql/pgtap-schema--1.3.3.sql
11:12:02 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] make install
GNUmake running against Postgres version 17.0, with pg_config located at /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/bin
Makefile:186: To use pg_prove, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP Perl module
Makefile:187: must be installed from CPAN. To do so, simply run:
Makefile:188: cpan TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP
mkdir -p '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension'
mkdir -p '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension'
mkdir -p '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/doc/extension'
/bin/sh /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../config/install-sh -c -m 644 .//pgtap.control '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension/'
/bin/sh /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../config/install-sh -c -m 644 .//sql/pgtap--0.90.0--0.91.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.91.0--0.92.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.92.0--0.93.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.93.0--0.94.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.94.0--0.95.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.95.0--0.96.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.96.0--0.97.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.97.0--0.98.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.98.0--0.99.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.99.0--1.0.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.0.0--1.1.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.1.0--1.2.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.2.0--1.3.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.0--1.3.1.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.1--1.3.2.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.2--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap--unpackaged--0.91.0.sql .//sql/pgtap-core--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap-core.sql .//sql/pgtap-schema--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap-schema.sql .//sql/pgtap.sql .//sql/uninstall_pgtap.sql '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension/'
/bin/sh /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../config/install-sh -c -m 644 .//doc/pgtap.mmd '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/doc/extension/'
As mentioned in the output of the previous command, we need to run some commands to be able to use pg_prove, which we are going to use later:
11:14:23 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] cpan TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP
Loading internal logger. Log::Log4perl recommended for better logging
CPAN.pm requires configuration, but most of it can be done automatically.
If you answer 'no' below, you will enter an interactive dialog for each
configuration option instead.
Would you like to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes] yes
Warning: You do not have write permission for Perl library directories.
To install modules, you need to configure a local Perl library directory or
escalate your privileges. CPAN can help you by bootstrapping the local::lib
module or by configuring itself to use 'sudo' (if available). You may also
resolve this problem manually if you need to customize your setup.
What approach do you want? (Choose 'local::lib', 'sudo' or 'manual')
[local::lib] sudo
Fetching with HTTP::Tiny:
https://cpan.org/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
Reading '/home/postgres/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz'
............................................................................DONE
Fetching with HTTP::Tiny:
https://cpan.org/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz
Reading '/home/postgres/.cpan/sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz'
Database was generated on Wed, 02 Apr 2025 08:29:02 GMT
..............
New CPAN.pm version (v2.38) available.
[Currently running version is v2.33]
You might want to try
install CPAN
reload cpan
to both upgrade CPAN.pm and run the new version without leaving
the current session.
..............................................................DONE
Fetching with HTTP::Tiny:
https://cpan.org/modules/03modlist.data.gz
Reading '/home/postgres/.cpan/sources/modules/03modlist.data.gz'
DONE
Writing /home/postgres/.cpan/Metadata
Running install for module 'TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP'
Fetching with HTTP::Tiny:
https://cpan.org/authors/id/D/DW/DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
Fetching with HTTP::Tiny:
https://cpan.org/authors/id/D/DW/DWHEELER/CHECKSUMS
Checksum for /home/postgres/.cpan/sources/authors/id/D/DW/DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz ok
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring D/DW/DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz with Build.PL
Created MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Creating new 'Build' script for 'TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP' version '3.37'
DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Build.PL --installdirs site -- OK
Running Build for D/DW/DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
Building TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP
DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
./Build -- OK
Running Build test for DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
t/source_handler.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=47, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.03 usr 0.00 sys + 0.08 cusr 0.12 csys = 0.23 CPU)
Result: PASS
DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
./Build test -- OK
Running Build install for DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
Building TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP
Installing /usr/local/man/man1/pg_prove.1p
Installing /usr/local/man/man1/pg_tapgen.1p
Installing /usr/local/share/perl/5.36.0/TAP/Parser/SourceHandler/pgTAP.pm
Installing /usr/local/man/man3/TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP.3pm
Installing /usr/local/bin/pg_tapgen
Installing /usr/local/bin/pg_prove
DWHEELER/TAP-Parser-SourceHandler-pgTAP-3.37.tar.gz
sudo ./Build install -- OK
11:15:03 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] mkdir -p '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension'
11:15:05 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] mkdir -p '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension'
mkdir -p '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/doc/extension'
11:15:10 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] /bin/sh /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../config/install-sh -c -m 64 4 .//pgtap.control '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension/'
11:15:18 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] /bin/sh /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../config/install-sh -c -m 64 4 .//sql/pgtap--0.90.0--0.91.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.91.0--0.92.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.92.0--0.93.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.93.0--0.94.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.94.0--0 .95.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.95.0--0.96.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.96.0--0.97.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.97.0--0.98.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0.98.0--0.99.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--0 .99.0--1.0.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.0.0--1.1.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.1.0--1.2.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.2.0--1.3.0.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.0--1.3.1.sql .//sql/pgtap--1. 3.1--1.3.2.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.2--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap--unpackaged--0.91.0.sql .//sql/pgtap-core--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap-core.sql .//sql/pgtap-schema--1.3.3.sql .//sql/pgtap-schema.sql .//sql/pgtap.sql .//sql/uninstall_pgtap.sql '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/extension/'
11:15:33 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] /bin/sh /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../config/install-sh -c -m 64 4 .//doc/pgtap.mmd '/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/share/doc/extension/'
11:15:37 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] pg_prove
No tests named and 't' directory not found at /usr/share/perl/5.36/App/Prove.pm line 522.
11:15:42 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] pg_prove --version
pg_prove 3.37
You can check if pgTAP was installed properly using the following command:
10:24:09 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] make installcheck
GNUmake running against Postgres version 17.0, with pg_config located at /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/bin
Makefile:186: To use pg_prove, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP Perl module
Makefile:187: must be installed from CPAN. To do so, simply run:
Makefile:188: cpan TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::pgTAP
Using 89 parallel test connections
Rebuilding test/build/all_tests
Schedule changed to test/build/parallel.sch
cp `cat test/build/which_schedule` test/build/run.sch
echo "# +++ regress install-check in +++" && /u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/../../src/test/regress/pg_regress --inputdir=./ --bindir='/u01/app/postgres/product/17/db_0/bin' --inputdir=test --max-connections=89 --schedule test/schedule/main.sch --schedule test/build/run.sch
# +++ regress install-check in +++
# using postmaster on Unix socket, port 5432
ok 1 - build 369 ms
...
ok 4 - hastap 1309 ms
# parallel group (35 tests): matching istap do_tap moretap util performs_ok performs_within todotap check cmpok pg73 runjusttests roletap throwtap trigger usergroup enumtap policy runtests runnotests proctap fktap privs inheritance partitions valueset functap resultset aretap extension ownership ruletap pktap index unique
ok 5 + aretap 5911 ms
ok 6 + check 1558 ms
...
ok 39 + valueset 3784 ms
1..39
# All 39 tests passed.
Once installed, enable it in your database:
10:25:06 postgres@ws-pgdev:/home/postgres/pgtap-1.3.3/ [sw] psql
psql (17.0 dbi services build)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \c hybrid
You are now connected to database "hybrid" as user "postgres".
hybrid=# CREATE EXTENSION pgtap;
CREATE EXTENSION
hybrid=# \dx
List of installed extensions
Name | Version | Schema | Description
--------------------+---------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
btree_gist | 1.7 | training_app | support for indexing common datatypes in GiST
orafce | 4.14 | training_app | Functions and operators that emulate a subset of functions and packages from the Oracle RDBMS
pg_stat_statements | 1.11 | public | track planning and execution statistics of all SQL statements executed
pg_trgm | 1.6 | training_app | text similarity measurement and index searching based on trigrams
pgcrypto | 1.3 | training_app | cryptographic functions
pgtap | 1.3.3 | training_app | Unit testing for PostgreSQL
plperl | 1.0 | pg_catalog | PL/Perl procedural language
plpgsql | 1.0 | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language
(8 rows)
Writing Your First pgTAP Tests
pgTAP provides a wide range of assertions for testing various database objects. Let’s go through some examples.
1. Testing a Function
Assume we have a function that verifies a password based on a specific pattern:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION training_app.f_password_verify (pv_password TEXT) RETURNS BOOLEAN
AS $$
SELECT pv_password ~ '^(?=.{10,}$)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[0-9])(?=.*\W).*$';
$$ LANGUAGE sql;
hybrid=# \df f_password_verify
List of functions
Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Type
--------------+-------------------+------------------+---------------------+------
training_app | f_password_verify | boolean | pv_password text | func
(1 row)
To test this function with pgTAP:
hybrid=# SELECT plan(4);
plan
------
1..4
(1 row)
hybrid=# SELECT ok(training_app.f_password_verify('ValidPass1!'), 'Valid password should return true');
ok
------------------------------------------
ok 1 - Valid password should return true
(1 row)
hybrid=# SELECT ok(NOT training_app.f_password_verify('short1!'), 'Too short password should return false');
ok
-----------------------------------------------
ok 2 - Too short password should return false
(1 row)
hybrid=# SELECT ok(NOT training_app.f_password_verify('NoNumberPass!'), 'Password without a number should return false');
ok
------------------------------------------------------
ok 3 - Password without a number should return false
(1 row)
hybrid=# SELECT ok(NOT training_app.f_password_verify('NoSpecialChar1'), 'Password without special character should return false');
ok
---------------------------------------------------------------
ok 4 - Password without special character should return false
(1 row)
hybrid=# SELECT * FROM finish();
finish
--------
(0 rows)
2. Testing Table Constraints
Consider the users table with the following schema:
hybrid=# \d users
Table "training_app.users"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
----------+-----------+-----------+----------+------------------------------
id | integer | | not null | generated always as identity
username | text | | not null |
password | text | | not null |
created | date | | | now()
validity | tstzrange | | |
Indexes:
"users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"i_username_trgm" gin (username gin_trgm_ops)
"i_users_username" btree (username)
"i_users_username_btree_partial" btree (created) WHERE created >= '2024-11-07'::date AND created < '2024-11-08'::date
Check constraints:
"user_check_username" CHECK (username ~* '[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}'::text)
"user_check_username_length" CHECK (length(username) <= 72)
Referenced by:
TABLE "user_training" CONSTRAINT "fk_user_training_users" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
TABLE "users_history" CONSTRAINT "fk_users_history_user_id_users_id" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
Policies:
POLICY "policy_current_month" FOR SELECT
TO role_app_read_only
USING (((EXTRACT(month FROM created))::integer = (EXTRACT(month FROM now()))::integer))
Triggers:
t_log_user_history BEFORE UPDATE ON users FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION tf_user_history()
create or replace function training_app.tf_user_history() returns trigger as
$$
begin
insert into training_app.users_history ( user_id, username, password, created, validity)
values ( old.id, old.username, old.password, old.created, old.validity);
return new;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
create trigger t_log_user_history
before update on training_app.users
for each row
execute procedure training_app.tf_user_history();
To test the constraints, create a test file test_users_constraints.sql:
10:57:07 postgres@ws-pgdev:/u01/app/postgres/local/dmk/tests/ [sw] touch test_users_constraints.sql
10:57:37 postgres@ws-pgdev:/u01/app/postgres/local/dmk/tests/ [sw] cat test_users_constraints.sql
BEGIN;
SELECT plan(2);
-- Test CHECK constraint on username format
SELECT throws_like(
$$INSERT INTO training_app.users (username, password) VALUES ('invalid_user', 'Password1!')$$,
'new row for relation "users" violates check constraint "user_check_username"',
'Invalid username should fail CHECK constraint'
);
-- Test CHECK constraint on username length
SELECT throws_like(
$$INSERT INTO training_app.users (username, password) VALUES (repeat('a', 73), 'Password1!')$$,
'new row for relation "users" violates check constraint "user_check_username"',
'Username exceeding 72 characters should fail CHECK constraint'
);
SELECT * FROM finish();
ROLLBACK;
Running Tests
You can execute pgTAP tests using pg_prove, a command-line tool for running TAP tests. We are now going to test it with the file we just created, test_users_constraints.sql.
Run it with pg_prove:
11:45:14 postgres@ws-pgdev:/u01/app/postgres/local/dmk/tests/ [sw] pg_prove -d hybrid -U postgres -p 5432 test_users_constraints.sql
test_users_constraints.sql .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=2, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.05 usr 0.01 sys + 0.00 cusr 0.01 csys = 0.07 CPU)
Result: PASS
3. Testing Triggers
To verify that our trigger correctly logs changes to the users table, we check:
- That the recorded historical data correctly reflects the old values before the update.
- That an update on
userstriggers an insert intousers_history.
13:43:55 postgres@ws-pgdev:/u01/app/postgres/local/dmk/tests/ [sw] cat test_trigger.sql
BEGIN;
SELECT plan(2);
-- Insert a test user with a valid email as username
INSERT INTO training_app.users (username, password) VALUES ('[email protected]', 'TestPassword123!');
-- Update the user's username (this should activate the trigger)
UPDATE training_app.users SET username = '[email protected]' WHERE username = '[email protected]';
-- Check if the corresponding row is added to the users_history table
SELECT ok(
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM training_app.users_history WHERE user_id = (SELECT id FROM training_app.users WHERE username = '[email protected]')) > 0,
'User history should be logged in users_history after update'
);
-- Check if the values in users_history match the old values (before the update)
SELECT is(
(SELECT username FROM training_app.users_history WHERE user_id = (SELECT id FROM training_app.users WHERE username = '[email protected]') ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT 1),
'[email protected]',
'Username in user history should match the old (pre-update) value'
);
SELECT * FROM finish();
ROLLBACK;
Execute the test using:
13:58:38 postgres@ws-pgdev:/u01/app/postgres/local/dmk/tests/ [sw] pg_prove -d hybrid -U postgres -p 5432 test_trigger.sql
test_trigger.sql .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=2, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.04 usr 0.01 sys + 0.01 cusr 0.01 csys = 0.07 CPU)
Result: PASS
Benefits of Using pgTAP
- Automated Testing: Helps maintain database integrity by catching errors early.
- SQL-Based: No need for external scripting languages; tests are written in SQL.
- Integration with CI/CD: Works with CI/CD pipelines to ensure database quality.
- Comprehensive Assertions: Supports functions, constraints, indexes, views, and more.
Conclusion
pgTAP is a powerful tool for unit testing PostgreSQL databases. By incorporating it into your workflow, you can ensure that your database logic remains robust and reliable over time. Whether you’re testing functions, constraints, or triggers, pgTAP provides a structured and repeatable approach to database testing. You can find more information about pgTAP on the official website.
Do you use pgTAP in your projects? Let me know in the comments how it has helped you!
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