By Mouhamadou Diaw

With Oracle 20c, the non-multitenant architecture is no longer supported. So, people will have to migrate their databases to container if they want to use Oracle 20c. There are many methods to transform a non-cdb database to a pluggable one.
-Datapump
-Full Trabsportable Tablespaces
-Plugging non-cdb database , upgrade the plugged database and then convert
-Upgrading the non-cdb database, then plug it the container and then convert it ( But I am not sure that this method will work with Oracle 20c as there is non-cdb architecture)
We can find useful information about these methods in Oracle documentation and on Mike Dietrich blogs

In this blog I am going to use the method plugging the database to migrate a non-cdb Oracle 19c database prod19

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********* dbi services Ltd. *********
STATUS                 : OPEN
DB_UNIQUE_NAME         : prod19
OPEN_MODE              : READ WRITE
LOG_MODE               : ARCHIVELOG
DATABASE_ROLE          : PRIMARY
FLASHBACK_ON           : NO
FORCE_LOGGING          : NO
VERSION                : 19.0.0.0.0
CDB Enabled            : NO
*************************************

into an Oracle 20c container database prod20

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********* dbi services Ltd. *********
STATUS                 : OPEN
DB_UNIQUE_NAME         : prod20
OPEN_MODE              : READ WRITE
LOG_MODE               : ARCHIVELOG
DATABASE_ROLE          : PRIMARY
FLASHBACK_ON           : YES
FORCE_LOGGING          : YES
VERSION                : 20.0.0.0.0
CDB Enabled            : YES
List PDB(s)  READ ONLY : PDB$SEED
List PDB(s) READ WRITE : PDB1
*************************************

The first step is to open the source database on READ-ONLY mode and then generate the metadata xml file of the non-cdb prod19 database using dbms_pdb.describe procedure.

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SQL> exec DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE('/home/oracle/upgrade/prod19.xml');
Procedure PL/SQL terminee avec succes.
SQL>

The generated xml file is used to plug the non-cdb database into the container prod20. But before plugging the database I run the following script to detect eventual errors

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DECLARE
compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) := CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY( pdb_descr_file => '/home/oracle/upgrade/prod19.xml', pdb_name => 'prod19')
WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Is the future PDB compatible?  ==>  ' || compatible);
END;
/

When querying PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS, I can see following error

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PROD19   ERROR     PDB's version does not match CDB's version: PDB's
           version 19.0.0.0.0. CDB's version 20.0.0.0.0.

But as explained by Mike Dietrich in his blog I ignore the error and then plug prod19 into the CDB prod20

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SQL> create pluggable database prod18 using '/home/oracle/upgrade/prod19.xml' file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD19/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD20/prod19/');
Base de donnees pluggable creee.

At this state the database prod19 is plugged into the container prod20, but need to be upgraded to Oracle 20.

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SQL> show pdbs
    CON_ID CON_NAME   OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED   READ ONLY  NO
3 PDB1   READ WRITE NO
4 PROD19   MOUNTED
SQL> alter session set container=prod19 ;
Session modifiee.
SQL> startup upgrade
Base de donnees pluggable ouverte.

And we can now upgrade the PDB prod19 using dbupgrade

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oracle@oraadserverupgde:/home/oracle/ [prod20 (CDB$ROOT)] dbupgrade -l /home/oracle/logs -c prod19

A few minutes after, the upgrade is finished. Below some truncated output

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...
...
------------------------------------------------------
Phases [0-106]         End Time:[2020_05_01 17:13:42]
Container Lists Inclusion:[PROD19] Exclusion:[NONE]
------------------------------------------------------
Grand Total Time: 1326s [PROD19]
 LOG FILES: (/home/oracle/upgrade/log//catupgrdprod19*.log)
Upgrade Summary Report Located in:
/home/oracle/upgrade/log//upg_summary.log
     Time: 1411s For PDB(s)
Grand Total Time: 1411s
 LOG FILES: (/home/oracle/upgrade/log//catupgrd*.log)
Grand Total Upgrade Time:    [0d:0h:23m:31s]
oracle@oraadserverupgde:/home/oracle/ [prod20 (CDB$ROOT)]

Having a quick check to log files to see if all was fine during the upgrade

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oracle@oraadserverupgde:/home/oracle/upgrade/log/ [prod19] cat upg_summary.log
Oracle Database Release 20 Post-Upgrade Status Tool    05-01-2020 17:13:2
Container Database: PROD20
[CON_ID: 4 => PROD19]
Component                               Current         Full     Elapsed Time
Name                                    Status          Version  HH:MM:SS
Oracle Server                          UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:11:26
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine           UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:02:07
Oracle XDK                             UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:00:33
Oracle Database Java Packages          UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:00:05
Oracle Text                            UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:01:02
Oracle Workspace Manager               UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:00:41
Oracle Real Application Clusters       UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:00:00
Oracle XML Database                    UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:01:57
Oracle Multimedia                      UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:00:39
LOCATOR                                UPGRADED      20.2.0.0.0  00:01:11
Datapatch                                                        00:00:30
Final Actions                                                    00:00:45
Post Upgrade                                                     00:00:06
Total Upgrade Time: 00:21:14 [CON_ID: 4 => PROD19]
Database time zone version is 32. It is older than current release time
zone version 34. Time zone upgrade is needed using the DBMS_DST package.
Grand Total Upgrade Time:    [0d:0h:23m:31s]
oracle@oraadserverupgde:/home/oracle/upgrade/log/ [prod19]

After the upgrade, we have to convert prod19 to a pluggable database.

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SQL> show pdbs
    CON_ID CON_NAME           OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
     2 PDB$SEED           READ ONLY  NO
     3 PDB1               READ WRITE NO
     4 PROD19             MOUNTED
SQL> alter session set container=prod19;
Session modifiee.
QL> alter session set container=prod18;
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql

After the noncdb_to_pdb script runs successfully, the PDB prod19 can be now opened in read write mode

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SQL> show pdbs
    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           READ WRITE NO
         4 PROD19                         READ WRITE NO
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Oracle Team